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. 2022 Apr 27;23(9):4833. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094833

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Immune cell distribution in the normal tissue, OPMD lesion with Candida albicans infection, OSCC tissue with C. albicans infection, and OSCC tissue without C. albicans infection. (a) Classification of immune cells into 15 subtypes by using the Louvain algorithm. (b) Classification of immune cells into B cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, T cells, and unknown cells. (c) Separation of the four major groups. (d) Classification of cell types in each cluster by using specific biomarkers.