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. 2022 May 7;11(9):2637. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092637

Table 3.

Major categories of modifiable risk factors for TIA to identify and address in order to prevent recurrent events and mitigate associated cognitive decline [120].

Risk Factor Category Examples
Major cardiovascular
  • Paroxysmal and/or chronic atrial fibrillation

  • Soft or calcific carotid plaque

  • Uncontrolled arterial hypertension

Metabolic
  • Diabetes

  • Dyslipidemia

  • Metabolic Syndrome

  • Chronic Renal Failure

Hematologic
  • Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

  • Hyperhomocysteinemia

Infectious
  • Human immunodeficiency virus

  • Syphilis

Congenital
  • Patent Foramen Ovale, other congenital heart diseases

  • Dural Arteriovenous Malformations

  • Fabry Disease

Behavioral risk factors
  • Smoking

  • Cocaine and other substance abuse