Figure 3.

Locomotor exercise improves bladder overactivity and voiding efficiency. (A) Representative tracing of raw recordings in a single-bladder CMG assessment. Red asterisks, peak intravesical pressure (IVP) associated with micturition. High magnification of IVP trace within red dashed rectangle shown in right panel: (top to bottom) sham, SCI without exercise, and SCI with exercise. Each IVP trace (blue) was accompanied by a simultaneous recording of EMG_EUS (green), and the event of micturition (red) recorded by metabolic cage. Results indicate that, compared with SCI without exercise, exercise significantly reduces latency to induce voiding (A). Bladder voiding efficiency, bladder capacity, and nonvoiding contraction (NVC) were improved in the exercise group, shown in the bar graphs of (B–D). **: p < 0.01; ***: p < 0.001.