Table 1.
Produce price differences in farmers’ markets and supermarkets in California, CNIP evaluation, summer 2018.
| Produce Item | Farmers’ Markets | Supermarkets | Difference in Median Prices at Farmers’ Markets and Supermarkets 2 | p-Value for Difference between Farmer’s Markets and Supermarkets Prices 1 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Markets | Number of Price Observations | Median Price per Pound (USD) (25th–75th Percentiles) 1 |
Number of Markets | Number of Price Observations | Median Price Per Pound (USD) (25th–75th Percentiles) 1 |
|||
| Cantaloupe | ||||||||
| Overall | 5 | 11 | 1.16 (0.75–2.16) | 7 | 10 | 1.65 (0.53–2.67) | −0.49 | 1.000 |
| Organic/no-spray | 5 | 11 | 1.16 (0.75–2.16) | 3 | 3 | 2.88 (2.47–3.41) | −1.72 | 0.106 |
| Conventional | 0 | 0 | N/A 4 | 7 | 7 | 0.81 (0.27–1.72) | N/A | N/A |
| Grapes | ||||||||
| Overall | 2 | 3 | 2.00 (2.00–2.38) | 7 | 27 | 2.34 (1.50–2.85) | −0.34 | 0.512 |
| Organic/no-spray | 2 | 3 | 2.00 (2.00–2.38) | 3 | 6 | 2.83 (2.42–3.24) | −0.83 | 0.173 |
| Conventional | 0 | 0 | N/A | 7 | 21 | 1.93 (1.48–2.69) | N/A | N/A |
| Oranges | ||||||||
| Overall | 8 | 32 | 1.23 (0.99–2.05) | 7 | 16 | 1.29 (0.99–1.89) | −0.06 | 0.973 |
| Organic/no-spray | 8 | 29 | 1.21 (0.98–1.54) | 4 | 4 | 1.99 (1.25–2.00) | −0.78 | 0.051 |
| Conventional | 1 | 3 | 2.83 (2.75–3.00) | 7 | 12 | 1.25 (0.93–1.49) | 1.58 | 0.221 |
| Peaches | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 52 | 2.99 (2.46–3.00) | 6 | 18 | 2.49 (1.49–2.87) | 0.50 | 0.062 |
| Organic/no-spray | 7 | 21 | 3.00 (2.99–3.63) | 2 | 4 | 2.99 (2.99–2.99) | 0.01 | 0.162 |
| Conventional | 7 | 31 | 2.59 (2.29–2.80) | 6 | 14 | 1.75 (1.49–2.74) | 0.84 | 0.069 |
| Strawberries | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 61 | 3.54 (2.88–5.01) | 7 | 19 | 2.87 (2.00–3.99) | 0.67 | 0.421 |
| Organic/no-spray | 11 | 53 | 3.34 (2.75–4.77) | 4 | 6 | 4.00 (3.24–4.74) | −0.66 | 0.208 |
| Conventional | 3 | 8 | 4.44 (3.64–5.70) | 6 | 12 | 2.00 (2.00–2.99) | 2.44 | 0.038 |
| Watermelon | ||||||||
| Overall | 7 | 31 | 0.49 (0.35–0.62) | 7 | 16 | 0.50 (0.26–0.69) | −0.01 | 0.638 |
| Organic/no-spray | 6 | 30 | 0.48 (0.34–0.63) | 2 | 2 | 1.22 (1.22–1.22) | −0.74 | 0.138 |
| Conventional | 1 | 1 | 0.50 (0.50–0.50) | 7 | 14 | 0.44 (0.21–0.59) | 0.06 | 0.746 |
| Total Fruit 3 | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 190 | 2.72 (1.10–3.30) | 7 | 106 | 1.97 (1.25–2.84) | 0.75 | 0.114 |
| Organic/no-spray | 11 | 147 | 2.48 (0.83–3.35) | 6 | 25 | 2.87 (2.25–3.86) | −0.39 | 0.215 |
| Conventional | 9 | 43 | 2.97 (2.39–2.99) | 7 | 80 | 1.50 (0.87–2.50) | 1.47 | 0.001 |
| Avocado | ||||||||
| Overall | 6 | 20 | 5.00 (3.48–5.57) | 7 | 18 | 4.14 (3.24–5.81) | 0.86 | 0.649 |
| Organic/no-spray | 6 | 17 | 5.50 (3.44–5.85) | 5 | 6 | 5.62 (3.81–6.31) | −0.12 | 0.439 |
| Conventional | 1 | 3 | 3.81 (2.95–4.75) | 7 | 12 | 3.77 (2.63–4.51) | 0.04 | 0.809 |
| Broccoli | ||||||||
| Overall | 6 | 17 | 1.85 (1.49–2.34) | 7 | 13 | 1.93 (1.49–2.28) | −0.08 | 0.246 |
| Organic/no-spray | 5 | 15 | 1.75 (1.46–2.31) | 4 | 4 | 1.99 (1.91–2.69) | −0.24 | 0.922 |
| Conventional | 2 | 2 | 2.50 (2.50–2.50) | 7 | 9 | 1.68 (1.49–2.12) | 0.82 | 0.100 |
| Carrots | ||||||||
| Overall | 9 | 31 | 2.09 (1.66–2.74) | 7 | 33 | 0.80 (0.52–1.48) | 1.29 | 0.007 |
| Organic/no-spray | 8 | 27 | 1.99 (1.63–2.74) | 6 | 11 | 1.47 (0.75–1.97) | 0.52 | 0.331 |
| Conventional | 4 | 4 | 2.37 (2.00–2.48) | 7 | 22 | 0.66 (0.50–0.96) | 1.71 | 0.032 |
| Cucumber | ||||||||
| Overall | 10 | 55 | 1.91 (1.67–2.47) | 7 | 20 | 2.07 (1.13–2.78) | −0.16 | 0.875 |
| Organic/no-spray | 10 | 46 | 1.96 (1.74–2.49) | 3 | 3 | 2.80 (2.23–3.39) | −0.84 | 0.107 |
| Conventional | 3 | 9 | 1.51 (1.21–1.80) | 7 | 17 | 1.88 (1.12–2.62) | −0.37 | 0.244 |
| Lettuce | ||||||||
| Overall | 10 | 29 | 2.19 (1.90–2.93) | 6 | 17 | 2.45 (1.27–3.01) | −0.26 | 0.805 |
| Organic/no-spray | 9 | 27 | 2.21 (1.90–3.00) | 5 | 6 | 2.64 (2.23–3.13) | −0.43 | 0.416 |
| Conventional | 1 | 2 | 2.01 (2.01–2.21) | 6 | 11 | 1.94 (1.16–2.74) | 0.07 | 0.651 |
| Onions | ||||||||
| Overall | 7 | 11 | 1.71 (1.38–1.94) | 7 | 18 | 1.39 (0.83–1.47) | 0.32 | 0.006 |
| Organic/no-spray | 7 | 10 | 1.70 (1.25–1.95) | 4 | 4 | 1.49 (1.49–1.74) | 0.21 | 0.084 |
| Conventional | 0 | 0 | N/A | 7 | 14 | 0.99 (0.79–1.43) | N/A | N/A |
| Spinach | ||||||||
| Overall | 4 | 7 | 4.20 (3.85–5.30) | 5 | 13 | 3.98 (2.22–6.63) | 0.22 | 0.147 |
| Organic/no-spray | 4 | 7 | 4.20 (3.85–5.30) | 3 | 4 | 5.00 (3.23–11.79) | −0.80 | 0.660 |
| Conventional | 0 | 0 | N/A | 5 | 9 | 3.73 (1.88–3.99) | N/A | N/A |
| Tomatoes | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 56 | 1.99 (1.90–2.85) | 7 | 35 | 2.48 (1.62–3.30) | −0.49 | 0.298 |
| Organic/no-spray | 11 | 47 | 1.99 (1.84–2.82) | 6 | 13 | 3.64 (2.62–4.37) | −1.65 | 0.087 |
| Conventional | 5 | 9 | 2.00 (2.00–2.88) | 7 | 22 | 1.99 (0.89–2.62) | 0.01 | 0.063 |
| Total Vegetable 3 | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 226 | 2.19 (1.98–2.99) | 7 | 167 | 2.19 (1.13–3.34) | 0.00 | 0.094 |
| Organic/no-spray | 11 | 196 | 2.25 (1.98–2.99) | 7 | 51 | 2.94 (1.96–3.99) | −0.69 | 0.184 |
| Conventional | 5 | 29 | 2.01 (1.65–2.84) | 7 | 116 | 1.65 (0.97–2.82) | 0.36 | 0.061 |
| Total Fruit and Vegetable 3 | ||||||||
| Overall | 11 | 416 | 2.48 (1.74–3.02) | 7 | 273 | 1.99 (1.20–2.98) | 0.49 | 0.084 |
| Organic/no-spray | 11 | 343 | 2.31 (1.51–3.22) | 7 | 76 | 2.95 (2.00–3.99) | −0.64 | 0.139 |
| Conventional | 9 | 72 | 2.92 (2.01–2.99) | 7 | 196 | 1.60 (0.96–2.74) | 1.32 | 0.002 |
1 Adjusted for clustering by market; differences considered to be statistically significant when p < 0.05. Significant p-values shown in bold font. 2 Calculated as (median price of items at farmers’ markets)—(median price of items at supermarkets). 3 Prices for total fruit, total vegetable, and total fruit and vegetable groups include all price observations made on fruits, vegetables, and fruits and vegetables, respectively. Each price observation had equal weight in the analysis. 4 N/A indicates Not Applicable.