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Diagrammatic depiction of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (O-3 FAs) on (A) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress, which results in insulin sensitivity, and (B) on gut eubiosis (homeostasis), which results in anti-inflammatory actions [63]. O3: omega-3 fatty acids; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; F/B ratio: Firmicutes-Bacteroidetes ratio; IL: interleukin; DAG: Diacylglycerol; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; SCFA: short-chain fatty acids.
