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. 2022 May 2;11(9):1236. doi: 10.3390/plants11091236

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A simplified overview of phytocannabinoids’ biosynthesis in Cannabis using THC and CBD as representative molecules. The phytocannabinoid acids in Cannabis are enzymatically synthesized from one precursor molecule, CBGA. CBGA is derived from MEP and polyketide pathways under the mediation of CBGA and aPT4 enzymes. AAE1, Acyl-activating enzyme 1; OLS, olivetol synthase; OAC, olivetolic acid cyclase; CBGAS, cannabigerolic acid synthase; aPT4, aromatic prenyltransferase 4; THCAS, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase; CBDAS, cannabidiolic acid synthase; THCA, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid; CBDA, cannabidiolic acid.