Table 3.

Associations between regions and drug and alcohol use in adjusted analyses^* among people living with HIV in clinical care at CNICS sites in 2017-2019

	West	Midwest	South	Northeast
		OR, 95% CI, p-value	OR, 95% CI, p-value	OR, 95% CI, p-value
Marijuana	Ref	0.86 (0.69,1.05), 0.1	0.54 (0.47,0.61), <0.001	1.15 (0.96,1.37), 0.1
Methamphetamines/crystal	Ref	0.13 (0.06,0.25), <0.001	0.16 (0.12,0.21), <0.001	0.85 (0.67,1.09), 0.2
Cocaine/crack	Ref	1.02 (0.71,1.47), 0.9	0.75 (0.60,0.94), 0.01	1.59 (1.16,2.17), 0.004
Illicit opioids	Ref	0.16 (0.05,0.53), 0.003	0.87 (0.63,1.19), 0.4	0.80 (0.43,1.47), 0.5
IDU	Ref	0.18 (0.07,0.52), 0.001	0.32 (0.23,0.47), <0.001	1.07 (0.71,1.60), 0.8
At-risk alcohol	Ref	1.39 (1.09,1.78), 0.008	0.78 (0.67,0.92), 0.003	1.30 (1.05,1.60), 0.01
Binge drinking (any)	Ref	1.33 (1.08,1.64), 0.007	0.77 (0.68,0.88), <0.001	1.20 (1.00,1.43), 0.045
Binge drinking (frequent)	Ref	1.05 (0.67,1.63), 0.8	0.72 (0.55,0.95), 0.02	1.20 (0.83,1.72), 0.3

^*Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, and MSM

CI: confidence interval; IDU: injection drug use; MSM: men who have sex with men; OR: odds ratio