TABLE 1.

Exclusion criteria.

1. Concurrent or recent (<12 weeks) treatment with drugs affecting intestinal function or mood, e.g., antidepressants or antibiotics

2. Concurrent or recent (<4 weeks) use of nutritional supplements or herb products affecting intestinal function or mood (e.g., aloe vera, St. John’s Wort, fibers, prebiotics and probiotics)

3. Diagnosis of major psychiatric or somatic disease

4. Abuse of alcohol or drugs

5. Recent (<4 weeks) intake of proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazol)

6. Asthma

7. Cardiovascular diseases

8. Epilepsy

9. Renal failure

10. Cerebral bleeding or history of cerebral bleeding

11. Allergy to latex 12. Pregnancy (assessed by urine test) or breastfeeding 13. Claustrophobia 14. Smoking or using tobacco including snuff 15. Inability to maintain exercise routine and dietary pattern during the study 16. Consumption of more than six cups of coffee/caffeine-containing beverages per day 17. Professional athlete 18. Any contraindication to an MRI (e.g., medical implant or device not compliant with MRI) 19. Recent (<3 months) regular intake of systemic corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory medication (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) 20. Known allergy to milk or soy 21. Any other reason the investigator felt the subject was not suitable for participation in the study

MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.