Table 2.

Senotherapeutics drugs and their targets and effects on senescent β-cell or other metabolic disease-related pathologies.

Targets	Drug	Type	Effects on Aging Model	Ref
Bcl-2 family inhibitors	ABT-199 (Venetoclax)	Senolytic	Preserving β-cell mass and preventing T1D pathologies	[77,103]
	ABT-737	Senolytic	Decreasing Cdkn2a- and MMP2-expressing β-cells	[64,77,104]
	Navitoclax (ABT-263)	Senolytic	Improving hematopoietic parameters Improving glucose metabolism and β-cell function	[64,103,105,106]
Src/tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Dasatinib	Senolytic	Decreasing senescent cell numbers and restoring β-cell identity in T2D animal	[107,108]
Inhibition of PI3-kinase activity	Quercetin	Senolytic	Reducing senescence-associated features in senescent adipocytes Decreasing senescent cell numbers and restoring β-cell identity in T2D animal	[107,109]
Up-regulating SIRT1	Luteolin	Senolytic	Beneficial effects on patients with age-related macular degeneration	[110,111]
Foxo4/p53 interfering peptide	Foxo4-DRI (Proxofim)	Senolytic	Restoring fitness, fur density, and renal function in aging mice	[112]
mTOR inhibitor	Rapamycin	Senomorphic	Extending life span in various animal models	[113,114,115]
JAK inhibitor	Ruxolitinib	Senomorphic	Preventing progerin-induced senescence Alleviating inflammation and enhancing physical function in aged mice	[116,117]
Multi-pathway	Fisetin	Senolytic Senomorphic	Extending health span and lifespan	[118,119]
	Resveratrol	Senomorphic	Ameliorating β-cell senescence and loss in senescent animal model	[120]
	Curcumin	Senolytic	Preventing vascular aging	[121,122]
	Metformin	Senomorphic	Alleviating age-related disorders and improving health span	[123,124,125]