| ANOVA | Analysis of variance |
| ApoE–/– | Apolipoprotein E knockout |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| ERK | Extracellular-regulated kinase |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| HUVEC | Human umbilical vein endothelial cell |
| ICAM | Intracellular adhesion molecule |
| IL | Interleukin |
| LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
| MI | Myocardial infarction |
| MMP-9 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell |
| NLRP3 | NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 |
| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor |
| P-JNK | Phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| RAOSMC | Rat aortic smooth muscle cell |
| SMA | Smooth muscle actin |
| TG | Triglycerides |
| TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α. |