Table 2.
Silylated metabolites expressed in mg/g in apricot fruits and seed kernels analyzed via GC–MS, n = 3. For codes, refer to Table 1. a–d Different letters in the same line concerning p. armeniaca L. specimens indicate significantly different values (p < 0.05; Tukey’s test).
| Rt (min) | KI | Name | AP-B1-F | AP-B1-S | AP-B2-F | AP-B2-S | AP-S2-F | AP-S2-S | AP-M3 F | AP-M3-S | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organic Acids (mg/g) | |||||||||||
| 1 | 4.614 | 1029 | Tiglic acid (TMS) | 3.76 ± 0.91 | 2.65 ± 0.26 | 2.80 ± 0.39 | 3.60 ± 1.10 | 2.84 ± 0.47 | 2.82 ± 0.63 | 2.71 ± 0.61 | 3.17 ± 0.95 |
| 2 | 5.378 | 1077 | Lactic Acid (2TMS) | 0.41 ± 0.05 b | 0.24 ± 0.15 abc | 0.45 ± 0.14 c | 0.15 ± 0.05 a | 0.25 ± 0.08 abc | 0.15 ± 0.04 c | 0.21 ± 0.08 abc | 0.17 ± 0.03 bc |
| 3 | 5.584 | 1089 | Glycolic acid (2TMS) | 0.34 ± 0.07 | 0.21 ± 0.00 | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.22 ± 0.02 | 0.21 ± 0.06 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.23 ± 0.06 |
| 4 | 5.784 | 1102 | Pyruvic acid (2TMS) | 2.61 ± 0.99 a | 0.05 ± 0.02 c | 1.48 ± 0.20 c | 0.06 ± 0.02 b | 1.46 ± 0.46 b | 0.07 ± 0.03 c | 0.88 ± 0.17 bc | 0.08 ± 0.00 c |
| 5 | 9.08 | 1322 | Succinic acid (TMS) | 0.01 ± 0.01 bc | 0.02 ± 0.00 a | 0.01 ± 0.00 bc | 0.01 ± 0.01 bc | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 0.01 ± 0.01 bc | 0.00 ± 0.00 c | 0.00 ± 0.00 c |
| 6 | 9.498 | 1353 | Fumaric acid (TMS) | 3.14 ± 0.77 bc | 0.02 ± 0.01 b | 4.00 ± 0.92 b | 0.02 ± 0.01 bc | 4.95 ± 3.19 bc | 0.11 ± 0.04 b | 6.78 ± 4.04 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 b |
| 7 | 9.621 | 1362 | Methylmaleic acid (2TMS) ester | 0.36 ± 0.04 ab | 0.21 ± 0.05 b | 0.35 ± 0.07 ab | 0.29 ± 0.10 ab | 0.35 ± 0.03 ab | 0.37 ± 0.08 ab | 0.43 ± 0.22 ab | 0.55 ± 0.15 a |
| 8 | 11.453 | 1505 | Malic acid (TMS) | 29.81 ± 9.94 a | 0.15 ± 0.07 b | 24.89 ± 5.99 b | 0.56 ± 0.18 a | 21.90 ± 9.27 a | 2.40 ± 0.97 b | 22.64 ± 12.51 a | 1.62 ± 0.41 b |
| 9 | 15.361 | 1850 | Isocitric acid (TMS) | 1.45 ± 0.09 a | 0.09 ± 0.02 b | 1.50 ± 0.11 b | 0.08 ± 0.07 a | 1.51 ± 0.27 a | 0.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.12 ± 0.23 a | 0.02 ± 0.00 b |
| 10 | 15.816 | 1894 | Quininic acid (5TMS) | 2.52 ±1.14 | 1.77 ± 2.54 | 2.36 ± 1.10 | 1.14 ± 0.92 | 0.63 ± 0.08 | 1.24 ± 0.58 | 1.40 ± 0.27 | 0.70 ± 0.16 |
| Total organic acids | 44.42 | 5.41 | 38.08 | 6.16 | 34.13 | 7.40 | 36.37 | 6.64 | |||
| Amino acids (mg/g) | |||||||||||
| 11 | 6.011 | 1116 | L-Alanine (2TMS) | 3.40 ± 1.86 a | 0.61 ± 0.11 b | 3.22 ± 0.19 ab | 1.13 ± 0.50 ab | 2.82 ± 0.79 ab | 1.87 ± 0.72 ab | 2.47 ± 1.48 ab | 1.47 ± 0.38 ab |
| 12 | 7.72 | 1226 | L-Valine, N-(TMS)-, trimethylsilyl ester | 0.39 ± 0.06 bcd | 0.24 ± 0.11 bcd | 0.20 ± 0.06 bcd | 0.34 ± 0.22 cd | 0.06 ± 0.03 d | 0.89 ± 0.39 ab | 0.85 ± 0.30 abc | 1.51 ± 0.40 a |
| 13 | 8.529 | 1284 | L-Leucine, N-(TMS)-, trimethylsilyl ester | 0.06 ± 0.02 c | 0.33 ± 0.13 bc | 0.05 ± 0.02 bc | 0.37 ± 0.28 c | 0.03 ± 0.01 c | 0.62 ± 0.33 ab | 0.16 ± 0.04 bc | 0.86 ± 0.21 a |
| 14 | 8.843 | 1306 | L-Isoleucine, N-(TMS)-, trimethylsilyl ester | 0.20 ± 0.03 bcd | 0.17 ± 0.08 bcd | 0.12 ± 0.02 bcd | 0.25 ± 0.15 cd | 0.06 ± 0.02 d | 0.59 ± 0.27 ab | 0.54 ± 0.21 abc | 0.87 ± 0.26 a |
| 15 | 8.878 | 1309 | L-Proline (2TMS) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 16 | 9.792 | 1374 | L-Serine (2TMS)-, trimethylsilyl ester | 0.99 ± 0.24 ab | 0.07 ± 0.03 d | 0.75 ± 0.32 cd | 0.17 ± 0.09 abc | 0.34 ± 0.14 bcd | 0.89 ± 0.25 ab | 0.82± 0.40 abc | 1.37 ± 0.21 a |
| 17 | 11.848 | 1537 | L-Aspartic acid, N-(TMS) (2TMS) ester | 0.96 ± 0.36 | 0.80 ± 1.21 | 0.60 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.33 | 1.24 ± 0.58 | 1.37 ± 0.57 | 0.76 ± 0.37 | 0.38 ± 0.10 |
| 18 | 13.019 | 1635 | Glutamic acid (TMS) | 0.79 ± 0.18 b | 0.13 ± 0.03 b | 0.45 ± 0.13 ab | 1.24 ± 0.77 b | 0.79 ± 0.39 b | 1.17 ± 0.55 ab | 0.94 ± 0.58 ab | 2.24 ± 0.74 a |
| Total amino acids | 6.82 | 2.36 | 5.40 | 4.08 | 5.33 | 7.39 | 6.54 | 8.71 | |||
| Sugars (mg/g) | |||||||||||
| 19 | 14.739 | 1789 | D-Xylose, tetrakis (TMS)- | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 20 | 15.25 | 1839 | D-Fructose, 1,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS)- | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.20 ± 0.05 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.20 ± 0.26 | 0.02 ± 0.00 |
| 21 | 15.406 | 1855 | D-Fructose, 1,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS)- | 14.62 ± 2.21 | 1.76 ± 0.39 | 17.55 ± 3.25 | 1.70 ± 1.01 | 12.49 ± 4.50 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 27.23 ± 40.44 | 0.41 ± 0.11 |
| 22 | 15.639 | 1878 | D-Galactofuranose, 1,2,3,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS)- | 6.16 ± 1.05 a | 0.45 ± 0.40 d | 4.38 ± 1.19 d | 0.24 ± 0.18 ab | 3.15 ± 1.46 bc | 0.02 ± 0.01 d | 1.27 ± 0.78 cd | 0.14 ± 0.01 d |
| 23 | 16.064 | 1920 | Galactonic acid, γ-lactone, 4TMS | 0.10 ± 0.06 a | 0.01 ± 0.01 b | 0.06 ± 0.01 ab | 0.03 ± 0.03 ab | 0.03 ± 0.00 b | 0.02 ± 0.01 b | 0.02 ± 0.02 b | 0.01 ± 0.01 b |
| 24 | 16.151 | 1928 | D-Glucose, 2,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS)- | 62.22 ± 3.44 a | 13.41 ± 3.58 cd | 60.29 ± 4.87 cd | 16.69 ± 13.33 a | 47.46 ± 10.31 ab | 0.18 ± 0.11 d | 30.18 ± 14.00 bc | 8.67 ± 4.21 cd |
| 25 | 16.568 | 1970 | D-Mannitol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis-O-(TMS)- | 0.58 ± 0.42 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.28 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.14 | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 0.70 ± 0.93 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| 26 | 16.638 | 1977 | D-Glucitol, 6TMS | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.16 ± 0.13 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.19 | 0.01 ± 0.00 |
| 27 | 16.9 | 2003 | D-Allofuranose, pentakis (TMS) | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 |
| 28 | 16.997 | 2014 | D-Glucose, 2,3,4,5,6-pentakis-O-(TMS)- | 70.11 ± 1.79 a | 16.73 ± 4.36 cd | 66.43 ± 5.69 cd | 19.03 ± 15.56 a | 54.74 ± 9.77 ab | 0.32 ± 0.20 d | 36.94 ± 13.56 bc | 9.10 ± 4.15 d |
| 29 | 17.084 | 2023 | Myo-Inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis-O-(TMS)- | 1.28 ± 0.23 a | 0.09 ± 0.02 bc | 1.23 ± 0.30 c | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | 0.60 ± 0.34 b | 0.14 ± 0.03 bc | 0.46 ± 0.20 bc | 0.24 ± 0.10 bc |
| 30 | 18.088 | 2132 | Inositol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis-O-(TMS)-, scyllo- | 1.60 ± 0.23 ab | 0.59 ± 0.08 abc | 1.50 ± 0.34 bc | 0.50 ± 0.32 ab | 0.93 ± 0.57 abc | 0.22 ± 0.02 c | 1.71 ± 0.73 a | 0.90 ± 0.40 abc |
| 31 | 21.478 | 2538 | Unknown sugar | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.05 |
| 32 | 21.917 | 2593 | Sucrose, 8TMS | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.01 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 0.01 ± 0.01 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 b |
| 33 | 22.768 | 2710 | Sucrose, 8TMS | 111.27± 4.13 a | 5.54 ± 3.86 b | 96.90 ± 18.21 b | 19.78 ± 6.04 a | 85.45 ± 13.76 a | 10.78 ± 4.95 b | 91.07 ± 19.55 a | 11.99 ± 7.27 b |
| Total sugars | 268.32 | 38.74 | 249.43 | 58.12 | 205.44 | 11.94 | 189.98 | 31.62 | |||
| Free fatty acids (mg/g) | |||||||||||
| 34 | 17.33 | 2050 | Palmitic acid, trimethylsilyl ester | 1.02 ± 0.16 a | 0.41 ± 0.09 b | 0.59 ± 0.17 b | 0.31 ± 0.10 ab | 0.69 ± 0.31 ab | 0.42 ± 0.13 b | 0.49 ± 0.25 b | 0.32 ± 0.06 b |
| 35 | 18.706 | 2200 | 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, trimethylsilyl ester Linoleic acid |
3.31 ± 1.42 a | 0.58 ± 0.08 c | 3.07 ± 0.80 bc | 1.11 ± 1.15 ab | 0.32 ± 0.04 c | 1.22 ± 0.16 bc | 1.40 ±0.23 abc | 0.72 ± 0.32 c |
| 36 | 18.909 | 2224 | 11-cis-Octadecenoic acid, trimethylsilyl ester Vaccenic acid |
0.71 ± 0.15 a | 0.06 ± 0.05 b | 0.41 ± 0.05 b | 0.03 ± 0.00 ab | 0.79 ± 0.45 a | 0.08 ± 0.02 b | 0.30 ± 0.16 ab | 0.03 ± 0.01 b |
| Total free fatty acids | 5.03 | 1.05 | 4.06 | 1.45 | 1.80 | 1.72 | 2.19 | 1.06 | |||
AP-B1-F; Manshiet Al-Ammar bitter apricot fruits (Muddy soil), AP-B1-S; Manshiet Al-Ammar bitter apricot seeds (Muddy soil), AP-B2-F; Al-Amar Al-Kubra bitter apricot fruit (Muddy soil), AP-B2-S; Al-Amar Al-Kubra bitter apricot seed (Muddy soil), AP-M3-F; Nubaria mountain bitter apricot fruit (Sandy soil), AP-M3-S; Nubaria mountain bitter apricot seed (Sandy soil), AP-S2-F; Al-Amar Al-Kubra sweet apricot fruit (Muddy soil), AP-S2-S; Al-Amar Al-Kubra sweet apricot seed (Muddy soil).