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. 2022 Apr 29;23(9):4974. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094974

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) shows insulin- (green) and nNOS-(red)-immuno-positive cells in rat islet of Langerhans of control and 12 h and 24 h after induction of diabetes. Note that nNOS co-localized (yellow color of merged image) with insulin in the islet of Langerhans in control, non-diabetic rats. No co-localization was observed after the induction of diabetes. nNOS-immuno-reactive nerve fibres (arrow head) were observed in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Scale bar = 10 μm. (b) shows morphometric analysis of insulin- and nNOS-positive cells in the islet cells of the endocrine pancreas. Note that most of the insulin-containing cells in the control rat pancreas also contain nNOS. However, the induction of diabetes was associated with a significant (*** p < 0.001) decrease in the number of nNOS-positive cells in the islet cells of the endocrine pancreas. The number of insulin-positive cells in pancreatic islets also decreased markedly (# p< 0.001 when compared to those of control rats (n = 6)).

(a) shows insulin- (green) and nNOS-(red)-immuno-positive cells in rat islet of Langerhans of control and 12 h and 24 h after induction of diabetes. Note that nNOS co-localized (yellow color of merged image) with insulin in the islet of Langerhans in control, non-diabetic rats. No co-localization was observed after the induction of diabetes. nNOS-immuno-reactive nerve fibres (arrow head) were observed in both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Scale bar = 10 μm. (b) shows morphometric analysis of insulin- and nNOS-positive cells in the islet cells of the endocrine pancreas. Note that most of the insulin-containing cells in the control rat pancreas also contain nNOS. However, the induction of diabetes was associated with a significant (*** p < 0.001) decrease in the number of nNOS-positive cells in the islet cells of the endocrine pancreas. The number of insulin-positive cells in pancreatic islets also decreased markedly (# p< 0.001 when compared to those of control rats (n = 6)).