Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 477) |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 45.69 (10.02) |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 425 (89.10) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.71 (22.51, 30.47) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White (British, Irish, Irish Traveller or other White backgrounds) | 442 (92.70) |
| Black (African, Caribbean or other Black backgrounds) | 3 (0.60) |
| Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese or other Asian backgrounds) | 18 (3.80) |
| Mixed (White and Asian, White and Black African, White and Black Caribbean, Other) | 7 (1.50) |
| Other | 4 (0.80) |
| Country, n (%) | |
| England | 358 (78.34) |
| Scotland | 43 (9.41) |
| Wales | 26 (5.69) |
| USA | 11 (2.41) |
| Canada | 5 (1.09) |
| Northern Ireland | 5 (1.09) |
| Ireland | 3 (0.66) |
| Finland | 2 (0.44) |
| France | 1 (0.22) |
| India | 1 (0.22) |
| Netherlands | 1 (0.22) |
| Sweden | 1 (0.22) |
| Number of LC symptoms, median (IQR) | 11 (8,14) |
| Time since COVID-19 symptom onset (months), n (%) | |
| 0–6 | 132 (27.67) |
| 6–12 | 91 (19.08) |
| 12–18 | 247 (51.78) |
| Method of COVID-19 diagnosis, n (%) | |
| PCR test | 226 (47.4) |
| Antibody test | 50 (10.5) |
| Based on symptoms alone (including retrospectively) | 177 (37.1) |
| No testing available at the time | 12 (2.5) |
| Other | 7 (1.5) |
| Co-morbidities prior to LC, n (%) | |
| Allergies * | 12 (2.5) |
| Autoimmune diseases | 42 (8.8) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 20 (4.2) |
| Chronic neurological conditions | 10 (2.1) |
| Chronic pain | 13 (2.7) |
| Chronic respiratory conditions | 94 (19.7) |
| Diabetes (type 1 or 2) | 17 (3.6) |
| Mental health ** | 12 (2.5) |
| Migraines | 10 (2.1) |
| No diagnosed co-morbidities | 230 (48.2) |
| Osteoarthritis | 11 (2.3) |
| Other (any co-morbidity with a frequency of <2%) | 64 (13.4) |
| Unspecified hypo or hyperthyroidism | 12 (2.5) |
n; number, PCR; polymerase chain reaction, SD; standard deviation. * Allergies includes hay fever, eczema, coeliac disease, and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity. ** Mental health includes anxiety, depression, PTSD, and bipolar affective disorder.