Table 1.
Individual and household demographic characteristics of family food environments.
| Group | N (%) | Family Food Environment Score (Mean ± SD) | Total Score ≥ 60 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Socioeconomic Status |
Family Food Availability |
Family Feeding Patterns |
FAMILY Food Rules |
FAMILY Meal Practices |
Caregiver’s Nutritional Literacy |
Total Score |
n (%) | ORs(95% CI) | ||
| Total | 9686(100.0) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 65.7 ± 8.4 | 7419(76.6) | |
| Grade | ||||||||||
| 3~6 | 4092(42.2) | 4.2 ± 1.4 a | 11.9 ± 2.0 a | 8.9 ± 1.8 a | 17.1 ± 3.9 a | 12.7 ± 1.8 a | 12.9 ± 2.9 a | 67.7 ± 7.9 a | 3461(84.6) | — |
| 7~9 | 2875(29.7) | 4.3 ± 1.3 ab | 11.3 ± 2.2 b | 8.6 ± 1.9 b | 16.2 ± 4.5 b | 12.3 ± 1.9 b | 12.7 ± 2.9 b | 65.4 ± 8.4 b | 2170(75.5) | 0.561(0.498~0.633) * |
| 10~12 | 2719(28.1) | 4.3 ± 1.1 b | 10.9 ± 2.2 c | 8.5 ± 2.0 c | 14.7 ± 5.1 c | 11.7 ± 2.0 c | 12.7 ± 2.8 ab | 62.8 ± 8.4 c | 1788(65.8) | 0.350(0.312~0.393) * |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 4887(50.5) | 4.3 ± 1.3 a | 11.4 ± 2.2 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 2.9 | 65.6 ± 8.5 | 3706(75.8) | — |
| Female | 4799(49.5) | 4.2 ± 1.3 b | 11.5 ± 2.1 b | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.1 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.8 | 65.7 ± 8.4 | 3713(77.4) | 1.090(0.992~1.197) |
| District | ||||||||||
| Urban | 3439(35.5) | 4.4 ± 1.4 a | 11.7 ± 2.1 a | 8.9 ± 1.8 a | 15.9 ± 4.5 a | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 13.3 ± 2.8 a | 66.6 ± 8.4 a | 2772(80.6) | — |
| Suburb | 6247(64.5) | 4.2 ± 1.3 b | 11.3 ± 2.2 b | 8.6 ± 1.9 b | 16.3 ± 4.6 b | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 2.9 b | 65.2 ± 8.4 b | 4647(74.4) | 0.699(0.631~0.774) * |
| Number of children | ||||||||||
| 1 | 6133(63.3) | 4.3 ± 1.3 a | 11.5 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 1.9 a | 15.9 ± 4.6 a | 12.2 ± 2.0 a | 12.9 ± 2.9 a | 65.6 ± 8.6 | 4678(76.3) | — |
| ≥2 | 3551(36.7) | 4.2 ± 1.4 b | 11.4 ± 2.2 | 8.6 ± 1.9 b | 16.6 ± 4.4 b | 12.5 ± 1.8 b | 12.5 ± 2.9 b | 65.8 ± 8.2 | 2740(77.2) | 1.051(0.953~1.159) |
| Principal caregiver | ||||||||||
| Parents | 9500(98.1) | 4.3 ± 1.3 a | 11.5 ± 2.2 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 2.9 a | 65.7 ± 8.4 | 7290(76.7) | — |
| Grandparents | 160 (1.7) | 3.8 ± 1.6 b | 11.0 ± 2.3 b | 8.9 ± 2.2 | 16.6 ± 4.6 | 12.2 ± 2.3 | 12.0 ± 3.1 b | 64.4 ± 8.2 | 111(69.4) | 0.687(0.489~0.964) * |
| Caregiver’s educational level | ||||||||||
| ≤Junior high school | 1603(16.5) | 3.8 ± 1.3 a | 10.7 ± 2.2 a | 8.5 ± 2.0 a | 16.1 ± 4.7 | 12.2 ± 2.0 a | 11.6 ± 2.9 a | 62.9 ± 8.4 a | 1047(65.3) | — |
| High school | 2470(25.5) | 4.1 ± 1.3 b | 11.1 ± 2.1 b | 8.5 ± 2.0 a | 16.0 ± 4.7 | 12.2 ± 1.9 a | 12.3 ± 2.8 b | 64.3 ± 8.3 b | 1789(72.4) | 1.395(1.218~1.598) * |
| Junior college | 2383(24.6) | 4.3 ± 1.3 c | 11.6 ± 2.1 c | 8.7 ± 1.8 b | 16.4 ± 4.4 | 12.3 ± 1.9 b | 12.8 ± 2.8 c | 66.2 ± 8.2 c | 1880(78.9) | 1.985(1.721~2.288) * |
| ≥College | 3230(33.3) | 4.7 ± 1.2 d | 11.9 ± 2.1 d | 8.9 ± 1.8 c | 16.2 ± 4.4 | 12.4 ± 1.9 b | 13.7 ± 2.6 d | 67.7 ± 8.1 d | 2703(83.7) | 2.724(2.371~3.130) * |
| Annual household income per capita (yuan) | ||||||||||
| <20,000 | 1685(17.4) | 3.8 ± 1.3 a | 10.9 ± 2.2 a | 8.6 ± 2.0 a | 16.3 ± 4.6 | 12.1 ± 2.0 a | 12.0 ± 2.9 a | 63.7 ± 8.4 a | 1163(69.0) | — |
| 20,000~39,999 | 2127(22.0) | 4.0 ± 1.3 b | 11.3 ± 2.2 b | 8.6 ± 1.9 ab | 16.2 ± 4.7 | 12.3 ± 2.0 ab | 12.5 ± 2.9 b | 64.8 ± 8.4 b | 1573(74.0) | 1.274(1.106~1.468) * |
| 40,000~69,999 | 2539(26.2) | 4.2 ± 1.3 c | 11.5 ± 2.0 c | 8.7 ± 1.9 bc | 16.1 ± 4.4 | 12.4 ± 1.8 b | 12.9 ± 2.8 c | 65.8 ± 8.2 c | 1969(77.6) | 1.550(1.349~1.782) * |
| ≥70,000 | 3329(34.4) | 4.7 ± 1.3 d | 11.8 ± 2.1 d | 8.8 ± 1.9 c | 16.1 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 b | 13.3 ± 2.8 d | 67.1 ± 8.4 d | 2708(81.3) | 1.957(1.710~2.240) * |
a, b, c and d indicate significant differences among groups (p < 0.05); *: p < 0.05.