Table 3.
Healthy Food Consumption in Relation to Family Food Environment.
| Food Consumption During the Past 7 Days | N (%) | Family Food Environment Score (Mean ± SD) | Total Score ≥ 60 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Socioeconomic Status | Family Food Availability | Family Feeding Patterns | Family Food Rules | Family Meal Practices | Caregiver’s Nutritional Literacy | Total Score | n (%) | ORs(95% CI) | ||
| Whole grains | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 7052(72.8) | 4.3 ± 1.3 a | 11.4 ± 2.1 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.1 ± 4.6 a | 12.2 ± 1.9 a | 12.7 ± 2.9 a | 65.3 ± 8.4 a | 5305(75.2) | — |
| Daily | 2630(27.2) | 4.2 ± 1.4 b | 11.7 ± 2.2 b | 8.7 ± 2.0 | 16.5 ± 4.4 b | 12.5 ± 1.9 b | 13.1 ± 2.9 b | 66.7 ± 8.4 b | 2111(80.3) | 1.282(1.146~1.435) * |
| Fruits | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 3623(37.4) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 11.0 ± 2.1 a | 8.6 ± 1.9 a | 15.6 ± 4.7 a | 12.0 ± 2.0 a | 12.4 ± 2.9 a | 63.7 ± 8.6 a | 2494(68.8) | — |
| Daily | 6063(62.6) | 4.3 ± 1.3 b | 11.7 ± 2.1 b | 8.8 ± 1.9 b | 16.5 ± 4.4 b | 12.5 ± 1.9 b | 13.0 ± 2.8 b | 66.8 ± 8.2 b | 4925(81.2) | 1.685(1.527~1.860) * |
| Vegetables | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 2724(28.1) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 11.0 ± 2.1 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 15.8 ± 4.7 a | 12.1 ± 1.9 a | 12.3 ± 2.9 a | 64.1 ± 8.4 a | 1937(71.1) | — |
| Daily | 6937(71.6) | 4.3 ± 1.3 b | 11.6 ± 2.1 b | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.3 ± 4.5 b | 12.4 ± 1.9 b | 13.0 ± 2.8 b | 66.2 ± 8.4 b | 5461(78.7) | 1.466(1.322~1.626) * |
| Dairy Products | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 4360(45.0) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 11.2 ± 2.2 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.0 ± 4.6 a | 12.2 ± 1.9 a | 12.5 ± 2.9 a | 64.8 ± 8.5 a | 3198(73.3) | — |
| Daily | 5322(54.9) | 4.3 ± 1.3 b | 11.6 ± 2.1 b | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.3 ± 4.5 b | 12.4 ± 1.9 b | 13.0 ± 2.9 b | 66.4 ± 8.3 b | 4219(79.3) | 1.347(1.223~1.483) * |
| Legumes | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 8401(86.7) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 11.4 ± 2.1 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.1 ± 4.5 a | 12.3 ± 1.9 a | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 65.6 ± 8.5 a | 6406(76.3) | — |
| Daily | 1283(13.2) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 11.6 ± 2.3 b | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 16.6 ± 4.6 b | 12.4 ± 1.9 b | 12.8 ± 2.9 | 66.3 ± 8.2 b | 1011(78.8) | 1.197(1.034~1.385) * |
| Fish | ||||||||||
| None | 2641(27.3) | 4.1 ± 1.3 a | 11.3 ± 2.1 a | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.0 ± 4.7 a | 12.2 ± 2.0 a | 12.5 ± 2.9 a | 64.7 ± 8.6 a | 1939(73.4) | — |
| Weekly | 7042(72.7) | 4.3 ± 1.3 b | 11.5 ± 2.2 b | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 16.2 ± 4.5 b | 12.3 ± 1.9 b | 12.9 ± 2.9 b | 66.0 ± 8.3 b | 5478(77.8) | 1.274(1.147~1.416) * |
| Liver | ||||||||||
| None | 6180(63.8) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 1.9 a | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 2.9 a | 65.6 ± 8.4 | 4737(76.7) | — |
| Weekly | 3494(36.1) | 4.4 ± 1.3 b | 11.5 ± 2.2 | 8.6 ± 1.9 b | 16.2 ± 4.6 | 12.3 ± 1.9 | 12.9 ± 2.9 b | 65.7 ± 8.5 | 2675(76.6) | 1.147(1.036~1.269) * |
| Breakfast | ||||||||||
| ≤6 days | 2018(20.8) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 10.7 ± 2.1 a | 8.5 ± 2.0 a | 15.1 ± 4.9 a | 11.7 ± 1.9 a | 12.2 ± 3.0 a | 62.5 ± 8.4 a | 1290(63.9) | — |
| Daily | 7660(79.1) | 4.3 ± 1.3 b | 11.6 ± 2.1 b | 8.7 ± 1.9 b | 16.4 ± 4.4 b | 12.5 ± 1.9 b | 12.9 ± 2.8 b | 66.5 ± 8.2 b | 6121(79.9) | 1.895(1.698~2.115) * |
| Food variety yesterday | ||||||||||
| <12 | 7620(78.7) | 4.2 ± 1.3 a | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 1.9 a | 16.2 ± 4.5 | 12.3 ± 1.9 a | 12.7 ± 2.9 a | 65.4 ± 8.4 a | 5768(75.7) | — |
| ≥12 | 2044(21.1) | 4.4 ± 1.4 b | 11.6 ± 2.2 | 8.8 ± 1.9 b | 16.2 ± 4.6 | 12.4 ± 1.9 b | 13.2 ± 2.8 b | 66.7 ± 8.5 b | 1635(80.0) | 1.255(1.110~1.419) * |
a, b indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05); “weekly” indicates food consumption at least once a week. *: p < 0.05, adjusted for students’ grade, gender and district.