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. 2022 May 2;27(9):2898. doi: 10.3390/molecules27092898

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Artificial particulate matter (APM) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induce oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages (MH−S). (A) Cytotoxicity of N−Acetyl Cysteine (NAC). (B) Reactive oxygen species level was measured using 2′,7′−dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF−DA) staining. Negative controls (NC) are untreated samples. MH−S was pretreated with NAC for 3 h and was stimulated with 100 μg/mL APM or DEP for 3 h. Data are presented as the means ± SD (n = 4 per group). ** p < 0.01, or *** p < 0.001 vs. NC; ### p < 0.001 vs. APM; §§§ p < 0.001 vs. DEP group.