Figure 4.

Effects of volatile compounds naturally released from the flowering foliage of Cytisus scoparius and its aqueous extract, acting separately or concomitantly in 1 L hermetic chambers, on the total percentage of germinated seeds (Gt) and early growth of Amaranthus retroflexus placed on filter paper or agricultural soil. Mean values of four replicates are represented in percentage relative to control. Error bars represent standard deviation (S.D.). p- and F-values of the effects of treatments from one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H tests are shown. Mean values labeled with distinct letters denote statistically significant differences among treatments (post-hoc LSD or Tamhane’s T2 test).