TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Variables | All (n = 31) | Female (n = 20) | Male (n = 11) |
| Age (years) | 25.0[21.0,26.0] | 25.0[21.0, 27.5] | 24.2 ± 4.6 |
| Height (cm) | 167.1 ± 8.6 | 163.2 ± 6.6* | 174.1 ± 7.4 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.3 ± 9.2 | 57.1 ± 7.4* | 69.0 ± 7.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.9 ± 1.8 | 21.4 ± 1.8* | 22.7 ± 1.5 |
| Percent body fat (%) | 25.3 ± 8.3 | 30.6 ± 4.3* | 15.9 ± 4.5 |
| Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.93 ± 0.25 | 4.93 ± 0.25 | 4.89 ± 0.27 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 48.0 ± 22.3 | 54.7 ± 24.0* | 35.2 ± 10.3 |
| Fasting triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.96 ± 0.4 | 0.95 ± 0.5 | 0.98 ± 0.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.29 ± 1.05 | 4.25 ± 1.11 | 4.38 ± 1.59 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113.5 ± 10.7 | 113.5 ± 10.7* | 121.1 ± 8.9 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.5[66, 75.5] | 68.1 ± 5.7* | 73[72, 88] |
| Aerobic fitness | |||
| Absolute VO2max(L/min) | 2.4[2.1, 2.3] | 2.2 ± 0.3* | 3.7 ± 0.6 |
| Relative VO2max(mL/kg⋅min) | 40.7[35.7, 49] | 38.1 ± 4.7* | 53.1 ± 7.9 |
| Physical activity level | |||
| Sedentary time (min/day) | 625.9 ± 102.5 | 623.4 ± 95.3 | 630.5 ± 119.3 |
| MVPA time (min/day) | 19.5 ± 12.6 | 18.1 ± 6.8 | 22.2 ± 9.0 |
| Sleep quality | |||
| sleep quality index | 4.4 ± 2.4 | 3.8 ± 2.4 | 5.5 ± 2.0 |
Normally distributed data are represented by mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD), and non-normal distribution data are represented by the median and interquartile range.
P-values were generated using independent two-sample t-test; *P < 0.05 vs. Male.