Table 2.
Pesticide Type | Example of Pesticide | European Commission 1 | US-FDA 2 | PCPA Canada 3 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MRLs (µg kg−1) | |||||||||||||
Apple | Potato | Tomato | Strawberry | Apple | Potato | Tomato | Strawberry | Apple | Potato | Tomato | Strawberry | ||
Carbamates | Propoxur | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Banned | |||
Aminocarb | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Carbofuran | 1 | 1 | 2 | 50 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 500 | 400 | ||
Carbaryl | 10 | 10 | 10 | 50 | 12,000 | 2000 | 5000 | 4000 | 5000 | 200 | 5000 | 7000 | |
Propiconazole | 150 | 10 | 300 | 50 | --- | --- | 3000 | 1300 | --- | --- | 3000 | 1300 | |
Organo-phosphates | Parathion | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Banned | |||
Methyl parathion | 10 | 10 | 10 | 50 | --- | --- | --- | --- | Banned | ||||
Malathion | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 8000 | 8000 | 8000 | 8000 | 2000 | 500 | 3000 | 8000 | |
Diazinon | 10 | 10 | 10 | 50 | 500 | 100 | 750 | 500 | 750 | 750 | 750 | ||
Glyphosate | 100 | 500 | 100 | 2000 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids | Deltamethrin | 200 | 300 | 70 | --- | 200 | 40 | 200 | --- | 400 | 40 | 300 | 200 |
Cypermethrin | 1000 | 50 | 500 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1000 | 100 | 300 | 200 | |
Permethrin | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 2000 | 1000 | 50 | 500 | --- | ||
Organo-chlorines | Lindane | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | --- | 500 | --- | 500 | Banned | |||
Captan | 104 | 30 | 100 | 100 | 25 × 103 | 50 | 50 | 2 × 104 | 5000 | --- | 5000 | 5000 | |
Aldrin | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 50 | 50 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Chlordane | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
Endosulfan | 50 | 50 | 50 | 100 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2000 | --- | 1000 | 1000 | |
DDT | 50 | 50 | 50 | 500 | 100 | --- | 50 | 100 | For fresh vegetables: 500 | ||||
Dieldrin | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 | 100 | 50 | 50 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Note: 1 EU Pesticides database. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/public/?event=homepage&language=EN (accessed on 24 February 2022). 2 United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.fas.usda.gov/maximum-residue-limits-mrl-database (accessed on 24 February 2022). 3 MRLs for pesticides regulated under the Pest Control Products Act (PCPA). Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/pesticides-pest-management/public/protecting-your-health-environment/pesticides-food/maximum-residue-limits-pesticides.html (accessed on 24 February 2022) [35].