Table 3.

Examples of neurodegenerative disease-related UPS components. The disease information for each gene referenced OMIM (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim). (All accessed on 1 March 2022).

	Gene Name	Deregulation Type	Disease
Ub precursor	UBB	Missreading, misframed mutations	AD [OMIM 191339]
E3	CHIP	↑	AD [38]
	FBXO7	Loss-of-function mutations	PD [OMIM 605648]
	HACE1	↓	HD [39]
	HRD1	↓	AD [40]
	LRSAM1	Loss-of-function mutations	PD [OMIM 610933]
	NEDD4-1	↑	AD, PD, ALS [41]
	PRKN (PARK2)	Loss-of-function mutations	PD [OMIM 602544]
	RNF182	↑	AD [42]
	TRAF6	↑	PD [43], HD [44]
	UBE3A	Loss-of-function mutations	AS [OMIM 601623]
DUB	UCHL1 (PARK5)	↓, Loss-of-function mutations	AD, PD [OMIM 191342]
	USP13	↑	PD [45]

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AS, angelman syndrome; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; DUB, de-ubiquitinating enzymes; E3, ubiquitin ligase; HD, Huntington’s disease; PD, Parkinson’s disease; ↑, Upregulation; ↓, Downregulation.