Table 2.
Study characteristics of selected studies.
| Author/Year/ (Reference Number) | Sample Size | Age Years | Systemic Conditions | Periodontitis Diagnosis |
Number of Teeth Present (and Mean Number of Teeth Examined) | Study Duration | Omega-3 | Capsules Intake Control | Side Effects Reported | Conflict of Interest | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | (n/Group) | Number of Sites Examined | EPA Dose per Day | DHA Dose per Day | |||||||
| Study Period | Periodontal Parameters Evaluated | ||||||||||
| Deore et al., 2014 [41] | 60 | T: 45.40 ± 40.90 | Healthy | Moderate/severe chronic periodontitis | NR (NR) |
180 mg | None | Not declared | |||
| India | (T:30/C:30) | 4 sites | 3 months | 120 mg | Yes | ||||||
| 3 months | C: 44.47 ± 5.20 | Plaque, GI, SBI, PPD, CAL | |||||||||
| Suramya et al., 2014 [39] | 40 | T + C > 30 | Obese | Generalized chronic periodontitis |
At least 20 (NR) |
550 mg | None | Not declared | |||
| India | (T:20/C:20) | 6 sites | 3 months | 450 mg | Yes | ||||||
| 3 months | Plaque, GI, SBI, PPD, BOP, CAL | ||||||||||
| Keskiner et al., 2017 [42] | 30 | T: 40.87 ± 9.7 | Healthy | Chronic periodontitis | NR (T: 25.87 ± 1.19 C: 26.33 ± 1.23) |
12.5 mg | None | Not declared | |||
| Turkey | (T:15/C:15) | C: 42.54 ± 5.82 | 6 sites | 6 months | 38.38 mg | Yes | |||||
| 3 months | Plaque, GI, PPD, BOP, CAL | ||||||||||
| El-Sharkawy and Elmeadawy, 2017 [43] | 34 | T: 45.75 ± 2.05 | Healthy | Untreated advanced chronic periodontitis |
At least 18 (T: 24.1 ± 3.2 C: 25.1 ± 2.1) |
2000 mg Omega-3 |
None | Not declared | |||
| Egypt | (T:17/C:17) | C: 47.82 ± 2.21 | NI | 3 months | Yes | ||||||
| 3 months | Plaque, MGI, PPD, BOP, CAL | ||||||||||
| Elgendy and Kazem, 2018 [40] | 50 | T: 50.24 ± 3.04 | Post-menopause | Generalized chronic periodontitis | At least 6 (NR) |
600 mg | None | Not declared | |||
| Egypt | (T:25/C:25) | C: 51.44 ± 3.36 | 6 sites | 6 months | 400 mg | Yes | |||||
| 6 months | Plaque, GI, PPD, CAL | ||||||||||
| Rampally et al., 2019 [38] | 42 | T + C 30–65 |
Diabetes II | Chronic periodontitis | At least 15 (NR) |
1000 mg | None | Not declared | |||
| India | (T:14) | NR | 3 months | No | |||||||
| 3 months | (C:14) | GI, PPD, CAL | |||||||||
| Shalaby and Morsy, 2019 [44] | 45 | T + C 35–55 |
Healthy | Stage II and III, grade B periodontitis |
NR (NR) |
3000 mg Omega-3 |
None | Not declared | |||
| Egypt | (T1:15) (T2:15) |
6 sites | 6 months | Yes | |||||||
| 6 months | (C:15) | Plaque, GI II, PPD, CAL | |||||||||
| Stando et al., 2020 [45] | 40 | T: 45 ± 8 | Healthy | Stage III and IV periodontitis |
At least 18 (NR) |
Nausea and irritating fish- scented halitosis (6 subjects) |
Not declared | ||||
| Poland | (T:16/C:14) | C: 54 ± 11 | 6 sites | 3 months | 2600 mg | 1800 mg | Yes | ||||
| 3 months | Plaque, PPD, BOP, CAL | ||||||||||
GI: gingival index; MGI: modified gingival index; GI II: GI inflammation index; SBI: sulcus bleeding index; PPD: probing pocket depth; BOP: bleeding on probing; CAL: clinical attachment loss; NR: not reported.