Table 3.
Estimated odds ratio for the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index quartiles and risk of probable depression, among pre- and post-menopausal participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010.
| Model 1 a | Model 2 b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean PHQ-9 Score (SD) c | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | |
| Pre-menopause (n = 2512) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 2.7 (3.1) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Quartile 2 | 3.3 (3.9) | 3.8 | 1.3, 11.3 | 3.2 | 1.1, 9.7 |
| Quartile 3 | 3.6 (4.5) | 6.6 | 2.4, 18.7 | 5.0 | 1.7, 14.3 |
| Quartile 4 | 4.2 (5.0) | 10.3 | 3.7, 28.4 | 6.3 | 2.2, 17.9 |
| p-trend | – | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Post-menopause (n = 2392) | |||||
| Quartile 1 | 2.6 (3.2) | 1 | – | 1 | – |
| Quartile 2 | 3.2 (4.2) | 1.8 | 0.8, 3.7 | 1.6 | 0.8, 3.5 |
| Quartile 3 | 3.4 (4.3) | 2.4 | 1.2, 4.8 | 1.7 | 0.8, 3.4 |
| Quartile 4 | 4.4 (5.2) | 3.7 | 1.9, 7.2 | 2.1 | 1.1, 4.3 |
| p-trend | – | <0.001 | 0.026 | ||
a. Model 1: Adjusted for age b. Model 2: Adjusted for age, race (White, Hispanic, Black, Multiracial), BMI (underweight/normal weight, overweight/obese), waist circumference (≤35 inches (low risk), >35 inches (high risk)), marital status (Married/Partner, Divorced/Widowed/Separated, Never married), education (below high school, high school degree, some college/AA, college graduate and higher), smoking (never smoker, ever smoker), poverty-to-income ratio (quartiles), physical activity (quartiles) c. Unadjusted. PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.