Table 3.
Odds ratios of metabolic syndrome and obesity according to alcohol consumption.
| Amount | WC | BP | FPG | HDL-C | TG | MetS | Obesity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | |||||||
| Nondrinkers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ≤7.0 g/d | 0.92 (0.91–0.92) |
1.11 (1.1–1.12) |
1.06 (1.06–1.07) |
0.75 (0.75–0.75) |
0.97 (0.97–0.97) |
0.91 (0.90–0.91) |
0.96 (0.96–0.96) |
| 7.1–14.0 g/d | 1.06 (1.05–1.06) |
1.39 (1.38–1.39) |
1.25 (1.24–1.25) |
0.71 (0.71–0.72) |
1.17 (1.16–1.17) |
1.09 (1.08–1.09) |
1.10 (1.10–1.11) |
| 14.1–28.0 g/d | 1.18 (1.17–1.18) |
1.67 (1.67–1.68) |
1.47 (1.47–1.48) |
0.66 (0.66–0.66) |
1.36 (1.36,1.37) |
1.25 (1.24–1.25) |
1.22 (1.22–1.23) |
| ≥28 g/d | 1.37 (1.36–1.37) |
1.96 (1.95–1.97) |
1.70 (1.70–1.71) |
0.62 (0.62–0.62) |
1.56 (1.55–1.56) |
1.42 (1.42–1.43) |
1.34 (1.34–1.35) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Women | |||||||
| Nondrinkers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| ≤7.0 g/d | 0.89 (0.89–0.89) |
1.03 (1.03–1.04) |
1.02 (1.01–1.02) |
0.68 (0.67–0.68) |
0.77 (0.77–0.77) |
0.76 (0.76–0.77) |
0.89 (0.89–0.89) |
| 7.1–14.0 g/d | 1.17 (1.16–1.18) |
1.41 (1.40–1.42) |
1.27 (1.26–1.28) |
0.60 (0.59–0.60) |
0.94 (0.93–0.94) |
0.97 (0.96–0.98) |
1.09 (1.08–1.10) |
| 14.1–28.0 g/d | 1.32 (1.30–1.33) |
1.73 (1.71–1.74) |
1.45 (1.44–1.46) |
0.55 (0.54–0.55) |
1.11 (1.10–1.12) |
1.07 (1.06–1.09) |
1.18 (1.17–1.19) |
| ≥28 g/d | 1.46 (1.45–1.48) |
2.00 (1.98–2.02) |
1.59 (1.58–1.61) |
0.52 (0.51–0.52) |
1.31 (1.29–1.33) |
1.18 (1.15–1.20) |
1.22 (1.20–1.23) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were obtained by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, income, smoking status, exercise. Amount—gram of alcohol per day (g/d), WC—waist circumference, BP—blood pressure, FPG—fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MetS—metabolic syndrome, obesity—body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2.