Skip to main content
. 2022 Apr 30;12(9):1524. doi: 10.3390/nano12091524

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Simulation and experiments of nanobubble in LFL. (A) Generation of water vapor NBs around the irradiated NPs under pulsed laser irradiation [36]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2021 Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Simulations results of NBs from MD of laser irradiation; a typical image of vapor NBs forming around heated nanoparticles in a liquid (a) and dissolved gas in the liquid (b); the radius of a NB as a function of time for various gas concentrations; (c), and the steady-state radius of a NB as a function of gas mole fraction in liquid molecules [39]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. (C) Ultrasound contrast-enhanced images of a gastric cancer xenograft with SonoVue MBs and NBs at 10, 30, 60, 180, 300, and 900 s after injection, illustrated by (a–f) and (g–l), respectively [41]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. (D) In vitro formation of bacterial biofilms on glass surfaces for 24 h through NBs [43]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [43]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature.