ROS	Reactive oxygen species
QTL	Quantitative trait locus
BSA	Bulked segregant analysis
RIL	Recombinant inbred lines
ORF	Open reading frame
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
QTN	Quantitative traits nucleotides
LD	Linkage disequilibrium
MATE	Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion
CSSL	Chromosomal segment substitution line
URMC	USDA rice mini-core collection
MATs	Marker-trait associations
AS	Alternative splicing
GSS	Genotype-specific splicing
H2O2	Hydrogen peroxide
ABA	Abscisic acid
BR	Brassinolide
DEGs	Differentially expressed genes
siRNAs	Short interfering RNAs
miRNAs	MicroRNAs
nat-siRNAs	Nature antisense transcripts-derived siRNAs
ta-siRNAs	Trans-acting siRNAs
lsiRNAs	Long siRNAs
hc-siRNAs	Heterochromatic siRNAs
pre-miRNA	miRNA precursor
RISC	RNA-induced silencing complex
NGS	Next-generation sequencing
LHCI	Light-harvesting antenna complex I
GDC	Glycine decarboxylase
SHMT	Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase
CAT	Catalases
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
POD	Peroxidase
APX	Ascorbate peroxidase
GPX	Glutathione peroxidase
GR	Glutathione reductase
MS	Mass spectrometry
NMR	Nuclear magnetic resonance
RdDM	RNA-directed DNA methylation
MSAP	Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism
5mC	5-methylcytosine
DMRs	Differential methylation regions
JA	Jasmonic acid
TEs	Transposable elements
AI	Artificial intelligence
GS	Genome selection