Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data, including adverse childhood experiences in healthy controls (HC) and patients with major depression.
| Variables | HC (n = 20) | Major Depression (n = 30) | F/X2/FEPT | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (Male/Female) | 6/14 | 11/19 | 0.24 | 1 | 0.626 |
| Age (years) | 33.6 (8.0) | 28.7 (8.6) | 2.47 | 2/47 | 0.095 |
| Education (years) | 16.1 (2.2) | 15.6 (1.4) | 2.99 | 2/47 | 0.060 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.33 (2.51) | 25.52 (5.95) | 4.32 | 2/47 | 0.0 19 |
| TUD (No/Yes) | 18/2 | 23/7 | FEPT | - | 0.285 |
| HDRS | 0.9 (1.5) | 23.5 (5.8) | 147.01 | 2/47 | <0.001 |
| STAI | 37.8 (10.6) | 56.8 (7.2) | 28.00 | 2/47 | <0.001 |
| Total number of all episodes | 0.0 | 2.10 (0.92 | |||
| Reoccurrence of illness | −1.089 (0.00) | 0.726 (0.586) | KW | - | <0.001 |
| Lifetime suicidal behaviors | −0.987 (0.0) | 0.658 (0.767) | KW | - | <0.001 |
| Recent suicidal behaviors | −0.916 (0.0) c | 0.611 (0.861) | KW | - | <0.001 |
| LV phenome | −1.123 (0.225) | 0.749 (0.455) | 170.48 | 2/47 | <0.001 |
| Mental trauma | 19/1 | 13/17 | 13.90 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Physical trauma | 19/1 | 16/14 | 9.92 | 1 | 0.002 |
| Sexual abuse | 20/0 | 22/8 | FEBT | 0.015 | |
| Mental neglect | 20/0 | 14/16 | 15.69 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Physical neglect | 17/3 | 27/3 | FEPT | - | 0.672 |
| Domestic violence | 119/1 | 19/11 | FEPT | - | 0.016 |
| Drug abuse in family | 19/1 | 29/1 | FEPT | - | 1.00 |
| Family history of mental illness | 20/0 | 18/12 | FEPT | - | 0.001 |
| Losing a parent | 18/2 | 19/11 | 4.44 | 1 | 0.035 |
| Criminal behavior | 18/2 | 29/1 | FEPT | - | 0.556 |
| ACE domain 1 | 0.25 (0.55) | 2.70 (1.82) | 39.66 | 1/48 | <0.001 |
| ACE domain 2 | 0.300 (0.66) | 0.43 (0.68) | 0.48 | 1/48 | 0.494 |
Results are shown as mean ±SD. F: results of analysis of variance; X2: analysis of contingency tables; FEPT: Fisher Exact probability test; LV: latent vectors; BMI: body mass index; TUD: tobacco use disorder; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score; STAI: Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety, State version; ACE: adverse childhood event; ACE domain 1 comprises mental trauma, physical trauma, mental neglect, domestic violence, family history of mental disease, and loss of a parent; ACE domain 2 comprises physical neglect, divorce, and criminal behaviors. Significant p values are shown in bold.