4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
ASMase	acid sphingomyelinase
ADH	alcohol dehydrogenase
AH	alcoholic hepatitis
AIM2	absent in melanoma 2
ALD	alcoholic liver disease
ALDH	acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
AMPK	5′-AMP-activated protein kinase
ASC	adaptor apoptosis speck protein
ASH	alcoholic steatohepatitis
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
CAT	catalase
CerSs	ceramide synthase
CYP2E1	cytochrome P450 2E1
DAG	diacylglycerol
DAMPS	danger-associated molecular patterns
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FA	fatty acid
GSDMD	gasdermin D
GSH	glutathione
GSH-Px	glutathione peroxidase
GSSG-Rx	glutathione reductase
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HSC	hepatic stellate cells
IL-18	interleukin-18
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
IL-6	interleukin-6
IR	insulin resistance
KC	Kupffer cells
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAFLD	metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
MAM	mitochondria-associated membranes
MCD	methionine/choline-deficient diet
MDA	malondialdehyde
mGSH	mitochondrial glutathione
miRNAs	microRNAs
MMP	mitochondria membrane potential
mt-DNA	mitochondrial DNA
mtROS	mitochondrial ROS
NADH/NAD+	oxidized and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio
NAFL	nonalcoholic fatty liver
NAFLD	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRC4	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors CARD domain-containing protein 4
NLRP3	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3
ox-mtDNA	oxidized mitochondrial DNA
PAMPS	pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PKCδ	protein kinase Cδ
PPARα	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α
ROS	reactive oxidative species
S1P	sphingosine-1-phosphate
S1PRs	sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors
S1PR4	type 4 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
SM	sphingomyelin
SMases	sphingomyelinases
SMS1	sphingomyelin synthase 1
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SQSTM1/p62	sequestosome-1
SREBP1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TLR	toll-like receptor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TXNIP	thioredoxin-interacting protein
UPR	unfolded protein response
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion-selective channel
WD	Western diet
WHO	World Health Organization