Table 1.

Customized gene panel spanning genes involved in the hypothalamic leptin-melanocortin system, their clinical significance in regard to obesity and other metabolic syndromes, and inheritance patterns such as autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR) and mitochondrial inheritance (Mu). (10, 11, 20–28).

Gene	Name	Associated phenotypes	Inheritance	REF
AGRP	Agouti-related neuropeptide	Late-onset obesity	AD, AR, Mu	(23)
LEP	Leptin	Hereditary obesity, hyperphagia	AR	(11, 27)
LEPR	Leptin receptor	Obesity and pituitary dysfunction	AR	(22, 27)
MC3R	Melanocortin-3 receptor	Metabolic disorders	AD	(28)
MC4R	Melanocortin-4 receptor	Obesity, hyperphagia	AD	(10)
NPY	Neuropeptide Y	Metabolic disorders, early-onset of type 2 diabetes, obesity	NA	(24)
NPY1R	Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1	Metabolic disorders	NA	(25)
NPY5R	Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5	Dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance	NA	(25)
PCSK1	Pro-protein convertase type 1	Early-onset obesity, hyperphagia	AR	(26)
PCSK2	Pro-protein convertase type 2	Type 2 diabetes	NA	(20)
POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency	AR	(21)