Table 2.

Summary of new pharmacological therapies for OA pain in clinical trials.

Type of Drug	Drug Name	Route of Administration	ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier	Clinical Phase and Status	Affected OA Joint	Primary Measures or Results	References
CGRP antibody	Galcanezumab	S.C.	NCT02192190	Phase 2, completed	knee	No improvement in WOMAC pain	[60]
IL-1 receptor antagonist	Anakinra	I.A.	NCT00110916	Phase 2, completed	Knee	No improvements on OA symptoms	[72]
TNFα antibody	Adalimumab	S.C.	NCT00686439	Phase 2, completed	knee	Improvement in WOMAC pain.	[73]
NGF inhibitor	Tanezumab	I.V.	NCT00394563	Phase 2, completed	Knee	Reduction in joint pain and improvement in function	[120]
NGF inhibitor	Fasinumab	S.C.	NCT02709486, NCT02528188, NCT02697773	Phase 3, completed	Knee, hip	Improvement in pain within the first week, and pain and function were improved throughout 24 weeks	[121,122,123]
		S.C.	NCT02447276	Phase 3, completed	Knee, hip	Improvements in OA pain and function	[124]
		S.C.	NCT02683239, NCT03161093, NCT03304379	Phase 3, completed	Knee, hip	WOMAC pain subscale score
	Tanezumab	I.V.	NCT00863304, NCT00830063, NCT00744471	Phase 3, completed	Knee, hip	Improvement of pain, physical function, and patient global assessment of OA	[125,126]
TrkA inhibitor	ASP7962	P.O.	NCT02611466	Phase 2, completed	Knee	No improvement in WOMAC pain	[127]
	GZ389988A	I.A.	NCT02845271	Phase 2, completed	Knee	Improvement in WOMAC pain	[128]
TNFα antibody	Adalimumab	S.C.	ACTRN12612000791831	Phase 2, completed	Hand	No improvements on symptoms or bone marrow lesions	[129]
		S.C.	NCT00597623	Phase 3, completed	Hand	No improvement in WOMAC pain	[130]
CCR2 antagonist	CNTX-6970	P.O.	NCT05025787	Phase 2, recruiting	Knee	WOMAC pain
NGF/TNF-α bispecific antibody	MEDI7352	P.O.	NCT04675034	Phase 2b, recruiting	Knee	NRS
IL-1α/β antibody	Lutikizumab	S.C.	NCT02384538	Phase 2, completed	Hand	No improvement in pain score	[131]
IL-1R1 antibody	AMG 108	I.V.	NCT00110942	Phase 2, completed	Knee	Minimal clinical benefit	[132]
IL-1α/β antibody	Lutikizumab	S.C.	NCT02087904	Phase 2, completed	Knee	No improvement in WOMAC pain	[133]
NLRP3 inhibitor	DVF890	P.O.	NCT04886258	Phase 2a, recruiting	Knee	KOOS pain sub-scale
Wnt inhibitor	Lorecivivint (SM04690)	I.A.	NCT04385303 (NCT03928184 *)	Phase 3, active, not recruiting	Knee	Improvement in NRS Pain	[134]
TRPV1 inhibitor	CNTX-4975	I.A.	NCT03660943, NCT03661996	Phase 3, completed	Knee	WOMAC
	NE06860	P.O.	NCT02712957	Phase 2, completed	Knee	NRS
TRPA1 antagonist	LY3526318	P.O.	NCT05080660	Phase 2, recruiting	Knee	NRS and WOMAC pain
SCN9A # antisense drug	OLP1002	S.C.	NCT05216341	Phase 2, recruiting	Knee, hip	WOMAC and VAS
Central analgesic	Cannabinoid	P.O.	NCT04992962	Phase 2, recruiting	Knee	NRS and KOOS
Tubulin inhibitor	Colchicine	P.O.	NCT03913442	Phase 4, recruiting	Knee	VAS pain scores
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist	Resvertrol	P.O.	NCT02905799	Phase 3, recruiting	Knee	NRS
Peroxynitrite decomposer	ACP044	P.O.	NCT05008835	Phase 2, recruiting	Knee	NRS

* Terminated due to business reasons by Sponsor; ^# SCN9A gene encoding Nav1.7sodium ion channel; Abbreviation: Subcutaneous injection, S.C.; Intravenous injection, I.V.; Oral administration, P.O.; Intra-articular injection, I.A.; Numeric rating scale, NRS; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC; Visual analogue scale, VAS; Knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score, KOOS.