Figure 5.

Modulation of cell cycle by bLF and rhLF demonstrated on the example of different cancer cells lines. During the cell cycle, LF can inhibit or activate several checkpoint regulators such as: cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and their associated inhibitor partners of the Cip/Kip family proteins (p21, p27), DNA damage response genes (p53) or mTOR/S6K pathway. In response to bLF and rhLF cancer target cells arrest in G₀/G₁ phase (e.g., HSC3 cells, head and neck cancer line), G₁/G₂ phase (e.g., OSCC, MDA-MD-231 cells, nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells), G2/M phase (e.g., ALL cells) or S phase (e.g., MDA-MB-231 cells, A549 cells). Key molecules that lead to cell cycle arrest are indicated by the red arrows. Illustration was created in BioRender.com (accessed on 21 April 2022).