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. 2022 Apr 28;14(9):1851. doi: 10.3390/nu14091851

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The distribution of impedance point vector of the admitted patients. Representing values of R/H and Xc/H in patients. (a) Green point, Survival patients (SP) and black point, non-survival patients (NSP). (b) Green point, Malnutrition status (MS) and black point, non-malnutrition status (NMS) using SPhA-malnutrition as a DRM diagnostic parameter. Bioelectrical values of malnutrition: survival patients (n = 484), non-survival (n = 86) and R: resistance (Ohm); Xc: reactance (Ohm); H: height (m); (R/H) and (Xc/H): R/H and Xc/H standardized for sex and age using bioelectrical Italian standards. The bioelectrical impedance vector distribution analysis shows a situation of inflammation and cellular injury associated with malnutrition. The lower right quadrant encompasses patients with decreased cell mass and hyperhydration, most of the deceased patients.