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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Dec 17;18(4):252–268. doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1

Fig. 3 |. Organoid-MPS and Structured-MPS are platforms for advancing precision medicine.

Fig. 3 |

Organoid engineered biomimetic microphysiology systems (Organoid-MPS) and/or structured engineered biomimetic microphysiology systems (Structured-MPS) are dynamic devices capturing key aspects of the spatiotemporal changes in disease phenotypes and genotypes to identify biomarkers and predict both disease progression and response to drugs in individual patients. Organoid-MPS and/or Structured-MPS-driven preclinical study design could address the confounding effect of patient heterogeneity, informing a clinical trial design with more optimal patient selection, reducing the diversity of pharmacological responses and thereby increasing the probability of drug approvals. iPSC, inducible pluripotent stem cell.