. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 13.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Dec 17;18(4):252–268. doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1

Table 1 |.

Examples of current human liver MPS designs

MPS	Chip supplier	Design	Content^a	Throughput^b	Cells	Key characteristics
vLAMPS⁵⁶	Micronit	Two-channel with membrane	High	Med	PHH, LSEC, THP-1, HSC	ECM: collagen and LECM; Material: Glass, PC; physiological zonation
Liver-Chip^37,200	Emulate	Two-channel with membrane	High	Med	PHH, LSEC	ECM: Matrigel; Limitation: PDMS material^c and PC; automated platform
LAMPS⁵⁹	NortisBio	One-chamber	High	Med	PHH, HMVEC or LSEC, THP-1, HSC	ECM: collagen and LECM; Limitation: PDMS material^c; single oxygen zones
ExVive^201,202	Organovo	Bioprinting on array of 24-well Transwell membranes	High	Med	PHH, HUVEC, HSC plus KC²⁰³	ECM: Novogel; Material: PS, PC; Limitation: static
Organo-Plate^50,204	Mimetas	Array of 96 two-channel chips, phase-guide, rocker-driven flow	Med	High	HepG2, iPSH, HMVEC, THP-1	ECM: collagen; Material: glass and PS; Limitation: bidirectional perfusion
PREDICT96 (REF.⁷⁹)	Draper	Array of 96 two-channel chips, with membrane, 96 pump array	Med	High	PHH	ECM: collagen, fibronectin; Material: COC, PC
LiverChip^{66,74,109,205}	CNBio Innovations LLC	Array of 12 bioreactors with cells cultured on 3D PC scaffold	Med	Med	PHH, HK and HSC or NPC	ECM: collagen; Material: PS, PU, PC, self-assembly, integral perfusion; Limitation: no imaging until end of study
Microliver^206,207	HµRel	Array of four chambers	Med	Med	PHH, NPC	ECM: collagen; Material: PC and elastomer
HemoShear Chip^65,208	HemoShear	Two-channel with membrane, cone-plate to induce flow stimulation	Med	Low	PHH, HSC, HM	ECM: collagen; Material: Plastic, PC

COC, cyclic olefin copolymer; ECM, extracellular matrix; HepG2, an immortalized human hepatoma cell line; HK, human Kupffer cell; HM, human macrophage; HSC, human hepatic stellate cell; HMVEC, human microvascular endothelial cell; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; iPSH, inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte; KC, Kupffer cell; LAMPS, liver acinus microphysiology systems; LECM, liver extracellular matrix; LSEC, human liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; Med, medium; NPC, non-parenchymal cell; PC, polycarbonate; PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane; PHH, primary human hepatocytes; PS, polystyrene; PU, polyurethane; THP-1, immortalized human monocyclic cell line; vLAMPS, vascular liver acinus microphysiology systems.

Content refers to the cell types, structural organization and context of use as a liver biomimetic.

Throughput refers to the number of devices that can be tested in one experiment.

PDMS has high binding affinity to lipophilic compounds.