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Lidocaine regulates M1/M2 microglia polarization in vitro. The expression levels of M1 and M2 cell markers (a) CD86 and (b) CD206, in LPS- or IL-4-treated HAPI microglia were detected using immunofluorescence and qualified. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *p < 0.05 versus Control group; #p < 0.05 versus LPS group; and &p < 0.05 versus IL-4 group, three independent experiments.
