Table 1.

Laboratory findings, renal histopathological findings, and treatment strategies of the three cases

	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3
Laboratory findings
White blood cell count (cells/μl)	8100	5800	8900
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)	22	15	8.6
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.94	0.97	0.90
Total protein (g/dl)	5.0	6.8	4.9
Albumin (g/dl)	2.2	4.5	1.9
IgG (mg/dl)	583	916	503
IgA (mg/dl)	244	183	424
C3 (U/l)	80	107	99
Anti-nuclear antibody	< 40	< 40	< 40
MPO-ANCA	N.D	N.D	N.D
PR3-ANCA	N.D	N.D	N.D
Anti-GBM antibody	N.D	N.D	N.D
Cryoglobulin	N.D	N.D	N.D
Proteinuria (g/gCr)	19.05	1.5	15.6
Hematuria (RBCs/HPF)	many	50–99	many
Kidney biopsy findings
Timing of biopsy	41 days after the 2nd vaccination	30 days after the 2nd vaccination	25 days after the 1st vaccination
Light microscopy
Renal histopathological diagnosis	DPGN; IgAN	DPGN; IgAN	DPGN; IgAN
Oxford classification	M0E1S1T0C1	M1E1S1T0C1	M1E1S1T0C0
IF staining
Mesangial and paramesangia l area	IgA +  +  + , C3 +	IgA +  +  + , C3 +	IgA +  + , C3 +
Glomerular capillary spaces	IgA +  +  + , C3 +	IgA +  +  + , C3 +	IgA + , C3 +
Electron microscopy
EDDs
Mesangial and paramesangial area	+	+  +  +	+  +  +
Glomerular capillary spaces	+  +	+  +	+  +
Mesangial interposition	–	+	–
Foot process effacement (%)	30	10	30
Therapies	mPSL + PSL	ARB	mPSL + PSL, CyA
Follow-up
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.99	0.95	0.96
Albumin (g/dl)	2.2	4.2	3.2
Proteinuria (g/gCr)	6.04	1.0	2.79
Hematuria (RBCs/HPF)	many	50–99	30–49
Follow-up period (week)	3	11	8

Anti-GBM antibody anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody, ARB angiotensin II receptor blocker, CyA cyclosporine A, DPGN diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, HPF high-power field, IgA immunoglobulin A, IgAN IgA nephropathy, IF immunofluorescence, IgG immunoglobulin G, MPO-ANCA myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, mPSL + PSL pulse dose of methylprednisolone (500 mg daily for 3 days); followed by oral prednisolone (40 mg daily), N.D not detected, PR3-ANCA proteinase3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, RBC red blood cells