Table 2. Differences in polyp morphology and outcomes between EMR, ESD, and hybrid ESD techniques across all studies.

	Endoscopic mucosal resection (n = 347)	Endoscopic submucosal dissection (n = 190)	Hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection (n = 73)
Lesion characteristics
Mean size (mm)	14.6	25.1	26
Proportions of lesions < 20 mm (%)	71.3	36.8	NA
Submucosal fibrosis (%)	2.3	88.1	75.3
Polyp morphology (%)
Polypoid	43.8	11.1	32.8
Non-polypoid	56.2	88.9	67.1
Rate of incomplete resection (%)	0.6 (95 % CI: 0 %–2.7 %, I 2 6.3 %)	3.8 (95 % CI: 0.2 %–10 %, I 2 25.6 %)	0
Rate of en bloc resection (%)	79.7 (95 % CI: 63 %–90.3 %, I 2 92.6 %)	85.7 (95 % CI: 72.2 %–95.8 %, I 2 73.6 %)	74.6 (95 % CI: 63.1 %–84.8 %, I 2 0 %)
Rate of adverse events (%)	0.7 (95 % CI 0 %–2.7 %, I 2 0 %)	4.4 (95 % CI 0.07 %–10 %, I 2 11.8 %)	11 (95 % CI 4.3 %–19.6 %, I 2 0 %)
Rate of recurrence during follow-up (%)	3.5 (95 % CI 0 %–11.5 %, I 2 83.4 %)	1.7 (95 % CI 0 %–6.5 %, I 2 33.5 %)	4.4 (95 % CI 0.1 %–11.8 %, I 2 0 %)

EMR, endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection; NA, not available.