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. 2022 Apr 29;13:877544. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877544

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Represents the advances in molecular biology in improving NUE. In this, the identification of QTLs (Quantitative trait loci) related to root architecture, miRNAs (micro RNA), transporters, and metabolism is crucial for improving NUE. In this sequence the application of genomics, proteomics, phenomics, and metabolomics have great opportunities to enhance NUE. Then the identification and transfer of genes related to NUE and nitrogen metabolism play a crucial role in the development of high-NUE efficient plants.