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. 2022 May 14;58:43–51. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.011

Table 3.

Indicators of HFNC/NIPPV failure

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    No improvement/worsening dyspnea or work of breathing after 1 h of NIPPV

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    No improvement/worsening oxygen saturation or PaO2/FiO2 after 1 h of NIPPV

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    Failure to maintain oxygen saturation > 90% or PaO2 > 60 using FiO2 of 0.60

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    Tidal volume > 9 mL/kg predicted tidal volume while using NIPPV

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    ROX value <2.85 at 2 h, < 3.47 at 6 h, or < 3.85 at 12 h

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    pH < 7.25 or worsening PaCO2 after 1 h NIPPV

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    Unable to tolerate mask

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    Worsening respiratory secretions