Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 23;29(25):37445–37457. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-18410-5

Table 2.

Relation between some sociodemographic, occupational characteristics and medical history and ocular symptoms of the studied participants

Ocular symptoms COR (CI 95%)
Present
N = 134
Absent
N = 116
No % No %
Age of workers

20- (n = 91)

30- (n = 110)

 ≥ 40 (n = 49)

34

67

33

37.4

60.9

67.3

57

43

16

62.6

39.1

32.7

1.0

2.6 (1.47–4.62)**

3.45 (1.66–7.19)**

Education:

Illiterate and primary (n = 23)

Preparatory (n = 82)

Secondary/diploma (n = 109)

University or higher (n = 36)

8

45

64

17

34.8

54.9

58.7

47.2

15

37

45

19

65.2

45.1

41.3

52.8

1.0

2.28 (0.87–5.9)

2.66 (1.04–6.81)*

1.67 (0.57–4.9)

Residence

Rural (n = 171)

Urban (n = 79)

89

45

52.0

57.0

82

34

48.0

43.0

1.21 (0.71–2.08)
Marital status

Married (n = 148)

Unmarried (n = 102)

85

49

57.4

48.0

63

53

42.6

52.0

0.685 (0.41–1.13)
Smoking status

Smoker (n = 174)

Non-smoker (n = 76)

105

29

60.3

38.2

69

47

39.7

61.8

2.46 (1.41–4.29)**
Working category

Administrative workers (n = 43)

Marble processing workers (n = 81)

Supportive workers (n = 66)

Installation and ornamental workers (n = 60)

18

54

26

36

41.9

66.7

39.4

60.0

25

27

40

24

58.1

33.3

60.6

40.0

1.0

2.77 (1.29–5.95)**

0.90 (0.41–1.97)

2.08 (0.93–4.6)

Working duration (years)

˂ 10 (n = 84)

10- (n = 112)

 ≥ 20 (n = 54)

37

59

38

44.0

52.7

70.4

47

53

16

56.0

47.3

29.6

1.0

1.41 (0.80–2.49)

3.01 (1.46–6.23)**

General medical history
Hypertension

  Yes (n = 52)

  No (n = 198)

31

103

59.6

52.0

21

95

40.4

48.0

1.36 (0.73–2.53)
Diabetes

  Yes (n = 45)

  No (n = 205)

38

96

84.4

46.8

7

109

15.6

53.2

6.16 (2.63–14.4)**
Allergy to any substance 6 85.7 1 14.3

  Yes (n = 7)

  No (n = 243)

128 52.7 115 47.3 5.39 (0.63–45.44)

*Statistically significant p value < 0.05.

**High statistically significant p value < 0.01.