Table 3.

Baseline physical function and body composition assessments in the quartiles of total omega-3 PUFA and alpha-linolenic acid ^a

	Quartile of total dietary omega-3 PUFA g/day				P for trend	Quartile of dietary alpha-linolenic acid g/day				P for trend
Short physical performance battery	7.7 ± 2.4	8.3 ± 2.3	7.8 ± 2.3	8.8 ± 2.1	0.020	7.7 ± 2.3	7.7 ± 2.2	8.2 ± 2.5	8.8 ± 2.1	0.010
Grip strength (kg)	25.9 ± 4.6	26.1 ± 5.1	25.6 ± 4.5	26.4 ± 4.7	0.672	25.9 ± 4.4	25.8 ± 4.5	25.7 ± 4.9	26.7 ± 4.6	0.047
One leg stance 30 s	18.9 ± 10.1	20.6 ± 9.5	20.1 ± 9.4	22.0 ± 9.2	0.050	18.9 ± 7.1	19.3 ± 7.2	20.1 ± 6.8	23.2 ± 7.4	0.035
Chair rises in 20 s	8.9 ± 7.6	8.3 ± 1.9	7.9 ± 2.3	7.1 ± 2.2	0.223	7.8 ± 5.2	8.3 ± 5.5	7.8 ± 3.0	7.7 ± 2.4	0.666
Tandem walk speed 6 m (m/s)	0.30 ± 0.09	0.37 ± 0.55	0.31 ± 0.09	0.35 ± 0.26	0.371	0.38 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.10	0.36 ± 0.53	0.35 ± 0.23	0.680
Walking speed 10 m (m/s)	1.62 ± 0.30	1.69 ± 0.32	1.71 ± 0.30	1.78 ± 0.30	0.048	1.60 ± 0.28	1.62 ± 0.27	1.67 ± 0.31	1.78 ± 0.34	0.005
Standing with eyes closed 10 s (%)	0.96 ± 0.18	1.00 ± 0.20	1.0 ± 0.00	0.96 ± 0.20	0.057	0.97 ± 0.18	0.98 ± 0.13	0.99 ± 0.100	1.0 ± 0.11	0.147
Ability to squat to the ground (%)	10	6	4	3	0.014	11	3	6	4	0.004
Knee extension (kg) c	3.0 ± 0.98	3.1 ± 0.64	3.0 ± 0.83	3.0 ± 0.80	0.813	2.9 ± 0.93	3.0 ± 0.68	3.11 ± 0.82	3.17 ± 0.79	0.245
Lean mass (kg)	39.7 ± 4.4	40.0 ± 3.7	40.0 ± 4.4	40.7 ± 4.3	0.715	39.8 ± 4.0	39.8 ± 4	40.1 ± 4.3	40.1 ± 4.2	0.127
Relative muscle index (kg)	6.75 ± 0.63	6.76 ± 0.59	6.70 ± 0.69	6.80 ± 0.70	0.648	6.7 ± 0.6	6.6 ± 0.6	6.7 ± 0.6	6.7 ± 0.6	0.073
Fat mass (kg)	29.5 ± 8.6	29.2 ± 8.8	28.5 ± 8.0	28.3 ± 9.1	0.812	29.4 ± 7.7	29.1 ± 8.3	27.8 ± 8.1	26.1 ± 7.4	0.001

^aUNOANOVA adjusted for age, energy intake, protein intake, dietary vitamin D, dietary calcium, BMI, hormone therapy, smoking, osteoporosis, alcohol consumption, physical activity hour/per week and intervention group