Table 2.
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing oat supplementation interventions with diet or control product without oats
| Included studies | Participants | Study quality | Meta-analysis results | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | No. of unique studies | Follow-up duration, median (IQR), weeks | Total, no | Median sample size per intervention arm (IQR) | Age, median (IQR), years | No. of studies including healthy individuals, no. (%) | H | SC | L | WMD (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value for heterogeneity |
| Body morphology | ||||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 5 | 5 (3.5;9) | 249 | 43 (37.5;65.5) | 42 (34.9;60.5) | 0 (0) | 1 | 4 | 0 | − 0.329 (− 0.634; − 0.025) | 55.6 | 0.060 |
| Body weight, kg | 5 | 4 (3;12) | 250 | 41 (31;73.5) | 38.5 (27.1;58.8) | 1 (20) | 1 | 4 | 0 | − 0.943 (− 1.842; − 0.045) | 52.3 | 0.090 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 3 | 4 (n.a.) | 144 | – | – | 0 (0) | 1 | 2 | 0 | − 1.058 (− 1.845; − 0.270) | 0.0 | 0.610 |
| Body fat, % | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Blood lipids | ||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 12 | 4.5 (3.3;7.5) | 589 | 38.5 (32.5;67.3) | 44.5(36.5;57.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 | 11 | 0 | − 0.415 (− 0.607; − 0.223) | 96.1 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 12 | 4.5 (3.3;7.5) | 589 | 38.5 (32.5;67.3) | 44.5 (36.5;57.3) | 1 (8.) | 1 | 11 | 0 | − 0.286 (− 0.372; − 0.200) | 72.6 | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 12 | 4.5 (3.3;7.5) | 589 | 38.5 (32.5;67.3) | 44.5(36.5;57.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 | 11 | 0 | − 0.015 (− 0.041; 0.012) | 46.5 | 0.030 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 10 | 4.5 (3;9) | 466 | 42 (33.5;78.5) | 48.6(33.2;57.8) | 1 (10) | 1 | 9 | 0 | − 0.022 (− 0.096; 0.052) | 59.6 | 0.008 |
| Glucose homeostasis | ||||||||||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 3 | 6 (n.a.) | 146 | – | – | 0 (0) | 1 | 2 | 0 | − 0.247 (− 0.357; − 0.136) | 47.29 | 0.150 |
| HbA1c, % | 0 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 2 | – | – | – | 0 (0) | 1 | 1 | 0 | − 22.33 (− 49.66; 4.95) | 66.0 | 0.090 | |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 5 | 8 (3.5;12) | 302 | 69 (37.5;79) | – | 0 (0) | 1 | 4 | 0 | − 0.56 (− 1.68; 0.56) | 33.8 | 0.200 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 5 | 8 (3.5;12) | 302 | 69 (37.5;79) | – | 0 (0) | 1 | 4 | 0 | − 0.69 (− 1.59; 0.22) | 42.8 | 0.140 |
Significant weighted mean differences are bolded; BMI body mass index; HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin; IQR interquartile range; WMD Weighted mean difference; I2 variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance; n.a. not available; H High risk of bias; L Low risk of bias; SC some concerns for bias