Table 3.
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing oat supplementation combined with some type of dietary restriction versus the same dietary restriction alone
| Included studies | Participants | Study quality | Meta-analysis results | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | No. of unique studies | Follow-up duration, median (IQR), weeks | Total, no | Median sample size per intervention arm (IQR) | Age, median (IQR), years | No. of studies including healthy individuals, no. (%) | H | SC | L | WMD (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value for heterogeneity |
| Body morphology | ||||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 6 | 4 (4–6.5) | 788 | 62 (30–79) | 59.5 (52.1–59.6) | 0 (0) | 1 | 6 | 0 | − 0.129 (− 0.256; − 0.002) | 40.0 | 0.130 |
| Body weight, kg | 7 | 6 (4–10) | 739 | 24 (19–79) | 46.1 (37.4–59.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1 | 4 | 2 | − 0.171 (− 0.486; 0.143) | 39.2 | 0.110 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 6 | 7 (4–11.5) | 706 | 31 (19–79) | 48.7 (37.4–59.5) | 0 (0) | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0.146 (− 0.438; 0.730) | 77.9 | < 0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 2 | – | 384 | – | – | (0) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.316 (− 0.069; 0.701) | 69.8 | 0.040 |
| Blood lipids | ||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 8 | 6 (4–9) | 745 | 21 (16–72.5) | 55.3 (39.2–59.5) | 1 (12.5) | 1 | 6 | 1 | − 0.430 (− 0.556; -0.304) | 91.7 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 9 | 6 (4–10) | 804 | 22 (18.5–59.5) | 50.8 (37.4–59.5) | 2 (22.2) | 1 | 7 | 1 | − 0.260 (− 0.381; − 0.138) | 94.1 | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 10 | 6 (4–9) | 958 | 23 (19–77) | 48.7 (37.4–55.0) | 2 (20) | 1 | 8 | 1 | − 0.054 (− 0.101; − 0.006) | 97.1 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 13 | 6 (4–9) | 1,019 | 21 (17–66.5) | 49.9 (41.0–59.2) | 2 (15.4) | 1 | 12 | 0 | − 0.047 (− 0.141; 0.046) | 89.1 | < 0.001 |
| Apo A, g/L | 2 | – | 178 | – | – | 0 (0) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.092 (0.042; 0.142) | 0.0 | 0.780 |
| Apo B, g/L | 2 | – | 178 | – | – | 0 (0) | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0.066 (− 0.257; 0.390) | 97.1 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose homeostasis | ||||||||||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 9 | 8 (6–11.5) | 717 | 21 (17.5–77) | 54.4 (40.0–59.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0.021 (− 0.155; 0.198) | 92.2 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 3 | – | 343 | – | – | 0 (0) | 0 | 3 | 0 | − 0.423 (− 0.483; -0.364) | 0.0 | 0.760 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 4 | – | 208 | – | – | 1 (25) | 0 | 4 | 0 | 11.325 (− 4.220; 26.870) | 68.7 | 0.010 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 5 | 6 (5–8) | 654 | 30 (20.7–44) | – | 1 (20) | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0.170 (− 2.168; 2.508) | 88.3 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 5 | 6 (5–8) | 654 | 30 (20.7–44) | – | 1 (20) | 1 | 4 | 0 | − 1.154 (− 2.030; -0.278) | 55.9 | 0.060 |
Significant weighted mean differences are bolded; BMI body mass index; HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin; IQR interquartile range; WMD Weighted mean difference I2 variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance. H High risk of bias; L Low risk of bias; SC some concerns for bias