Table 4.
Meta-analysis of randomized clinical comparing oat supplementation intervention versus heterogeneous control arms
| Outcome | Included studies | Participants | Study quality | Meta-analysis results | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of unique studies | Follow-up duration, median (IQR), weeks | Total, no | Median sample size per intervention arm (IQR) | Age, median (IQR), years | No. of studies including healthy individuals, no. (%) | H | SC | L | WMD (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value for heterogeneity | |
| Body morphology | ||||||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 13 | 6 (4.5–8) | 862 | 25 (19.7–39.7) | 53.2 (49.4–56.2) | 2 (15) | 1 | 12 | 0 | − 0.014 (− 0.220; 0.192) | 76.8 | < 0.001 |
| Body weight, kg | 8 | 4 (3–9) | 344 | 12 (10.7–28) | 58.6 (43–62) | 1 (12.5) | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0.118 (− 0.513; 0.749) | 0.0 | 0.920 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 7 | 6 (4–13) | 618 | 30.5 (24–66) | 51.1 (33.9–55.8) | 1 (14.3) | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0.124 (− 1.412; 1.660) | 95.8 | < 0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 3 | – | 149 | – | – | 0 (0) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1.020 (− 1.957; 3.998) | 92.3 | < 0.001 |
| Blood lipids | ||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 28 | 5 (3.7–8) | 1,922 | 24 (18–44.5) | 53 (47.9–56.9) | 6 (21.4) | 3 | 25 | 0 | − 0.267 (− 0.385; -0.149) | 99.0 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 26 | 5 (4–8) | 1,823 | 25 (16.5–47.2) | 53 (48.1–56.6) | 6 (46.1) | 3 | 23 | 0 | − 0.163 (− 0.216; − 0.109) | 95.4 | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 27 | 5 (4–8) | 1,652 | 25 (18–48) | 53 (48.1–56.6) | 5 (18.5) | 3 | 24 | 0 | 0.002 (− 0.022; 0.025) | 95.7 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 26 | 5 (4–8) | 1,802 | 24 (16.5–47.2) | 53 (48.4–57.3) | 4 (15.4) | 3 | 23 | 0 | − 0.084 (− 0.153; − 0.015) | 98.7 | < 0.001 |
| Apo A, g/L | 6 | 6 (5–8) | 634 | 36.5 (19.7–74.5) | 51.8 (48–54.5) | 1 (16.7) | 1 | 5 | 0 | − 0.005 (− 0.029; 0.018) | 89.0 | < 0.001 |
| Apo B, g/L | 6 | 7 (5–11.7) | 777 | 50 (20–7) | 51.8 (49.0–52.8) | 1 (16.7) | 1 | 5 | 0 | − 0.031 (− 0.052; -0.010) | 98.8 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose homeostasis | ||||||||||||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 15 | 6 (4–10) | 1,142 | 21.5 (18.2–79) | 59 (37.4–59.5) | 1(6.7) | 0 | 15 | 0 | − 0.009 (− 0.064; 0.045) | 93.6 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 2 | – | 113 | – | – | 0(0) | 0 | 2 | 0 | − 0.076 (− 0.321; 0.169) | 87.7 | 0.004 |
| Insulin, pmol/L | 10 | 12 (5–12) | 644 | 20 (12–36) | 49.4 (41.7–55) | 2 (20) | 1 | 9 | 0 | − 0.641 (− 4.218; 2.935) | 82.7 | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 7 | 6 (4–8) | 618 | 48 (19–66) | 51.1 (33.9–55.8) | 1 (12.5) | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0.547 (− 0.564; 1.657) | 85.3 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 7 | 6 (4–8) | 618 | 48 (19–66) | 51.1 (33.9–55.8) | 1 (12.5) | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0.357 (− 1.210; 1.925) | 96.8 | < 0.001 |
Significant weighted mean differences are bolded; BMI body mass index; HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin; IQR interquartile range; WMD Weighted mean difference I2 variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance; H High risk of bias; L Low risk of bias; SC some concerns for bias