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. 2022 May 13;13:2683. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30023-1

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 1 — a Scattering of electromagnetic waves in one-dimension. b Steady-state heat diffusion in two-dimension. An object (light blue) is put in a background (beige). The black arrows represent incoming waves (fields) with amplitudes A₁ and A₂. The grey arrows represent outgoing waves (fields) with amplitudes B₁ and B₂. A polar coordinate system (r,θ) is built in b (green lines).