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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Nov 26;82:68–93. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.001

Fig. 1. Normal human prostatic glands and PCa.

Fig. 1.

A. Schematic of human prostatic glands. Both basal and luminal cell compartments harbor differentiated as well as less mature stem/progenitor cells. LP, luminal progenitor; NE, neuroendocrine.

B. Double immunofluorescence staining of CK5 and CK8 in benign human prostatic glands.

C. Human PCa at different clinical stages of development. Shown are 4 representative types of PCa, i.e., primary, regressing tumors (during therapy), recurrent tumors (i.e., CRPC in the prostate) and metastasis in different organs.

D. PCa response to clinical treatments goes through 3 typical phases, i.e., response, adaptation and recurrence. ‘PCa burden’ is measured by serum PSA levels, primary tumor sizes, and imaging analyses. see Text for details.