Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics
| Clinical Subgroups |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic, N (%) | All Patients | Cardiothoracic & Vascular | General Medical/Surgical | Neurological | Oncology | Orthopedic |
|
| ||||||
| Sample size | 243,779 | 51,408 (21.1%) | 105,308 (43.2%) | 29,960 (12.3%) | 7,384 (3.0%) | 49,719 (20.4%) |
| Patient age | ||||||
| 18–53 | 30,867 (12.7%) | 4,755 (9.2%) | 12,275 (11.7%) | 5,646 (18.8%) | 901 (12.2%) | 7,290 (14.7%) |
| 54–65 | 56,979 (23.4%) | 10,685 (20.8%) | 21,911 (20.8%) | 7,687 (25.7%) | 1,774 (24.0%) | 14,922 (30.0%) |
| 66–75 | 67,708 (27.8%) | 14,308 (27.8%) | 27,647 (26.3%) | 8,426 (28.1%) | 2,085 (28.2%) | 15,242 (30.7%) |
| ≥76 | 88,225 (36.2%) | 21,660 (42.1%) | 43,475 (41.3%) | 8,201 (27.4%) | 2,624 (35.5%) | 12,265 (24.7%) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 183,424 (75.2%) | 37,494 (72.9%) | 76,476 (72.6%) | 22,827 (76.2%) | 5,625 (76.2%) | 41,002 (82.5%) |
| Black | 49,397 (20.3%) | 11,500 (22.4%) | 24,232 (23.0%) | 5,662 (18.9%) | 1,454 (19.7%) | 6,549 (13.2%) |
| Other | 9,375 (3.8%) | 2,138 (4.2%) | 4,048 (3.8%) | 1,261 (4.2%) | 269 (3.6%) | 1,659 (3.3%) |
| Not reported/documented | 1,583 (0.6%) | 276 (0.5%) | 552 (0.5%) | 210 (0.7%) | 36 (0.5%) | 509 (1.0%) |
| Female sex | 129,804 (53.2%) | 24,955 (48.5%) | 57,483 (54.6%) | 15,391 (51.4%) | 3,986 (54.0%) | 27,989 (56.3%) |
| Primary Payer | ||||||
| Traditional Medicare | 94,228 (38.7%) | 20,804 (40.5%) | 43,551 (41.4%) | 10,487 (35.0%) | 2,898 (39.2%) | 16,488 (33.2%) |
| Medicare HMO | 79,079 (32.4%) | 18,526 (36.0%) | 36,454 (34.6%) | 8,457 (28.2%) | 2,229 (30.2%) | 13,413 (27.0%) |
| Medicaid | 21,926 (9.0%) | 3,830 (7.5%) | 9,940 (9.4%) | 3,054 (10.2%) | 702 (9.5%) | 4,400 (8.8%) |
| Commercial | 43,149 (17.7%) | 7,217 (14.0%) | 13,425 (12.7%) | 7,117 (23.8%) | 1,433 (19.4%) | 13,957 (28.1%) |
| Self-Pay/ Other | 5,397 (2.3%) | 1,031 (2.0%) | 1,938 (1.9%) | 845 (2.8%) | 122 (1.7%) | 1461 (3.0%) |
| CharlsonComorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0–1 | 69,800 (28.6%) | 11,010 (21.4%) | 20,997 (19.9%) | 11,302 (37.7%) | 585 (7.9%) | 25,906 (52.1%) |
| 2–3 | 58,371 (23.9%) | 12,211 (23.8%) | 25,079 (23.8%) | 7,716 (25.8%) | 1,623 (22.0%) | 11,742 (23.6%) |
| 4–5 | 47,737 (19.6%) | 12,185 (23.7%) | 23,177 (22.0%) | 4,937 (16.5%) | 1,242 (16.8%) | 6,196 (12.5%) |
| ≥6 | 67,871 (27.8%) | 16,002 (31.1%) | 36,055 (34.2%) | 6,005 (20.0%) | 3,934 (53.3%) | 5,875 (11.8%) |
| Elective admission | 66,666 (27.3%) | 11,039 (21.5%) | 11,821 (11.2%) | 9,742 (32.5%) | 718 (9.7%) | 33,346 (67.1%) |
| Surgery during admission | 108,170 (44.4%) | 22,203 (43.2%) | 26,866 (25.5%) | 14,167 (47.3%) | 4 (0.1%) | 44,930 (90.4%) |
| Admission was 30-day readmission | 40,527 (16.6%) | 9,341 (18.2%) | 21,704 (20.6%) | 3,611 (12.1%) | 2,144 (29.0%) | 3,727 (7.5%) |
| Hospital LOS (days) | ||||||
| 1 | 29,222 (12.0%) | 3,586 (7.0%) | 5,759 (5.5%) | 3,155 (10.5%) | 310 (4.2%) | 16,412 (33.0%) |
| 2–3 | 30,990 (12.7%) | 4,829 (9.4%) | 10,037 (9.5%) | 4,913 (16.4%) | 670 (9.1%) | 10,541 (21.2%) |
| 4–6 | 80,218 (32.9%) | 14,410 (28.0%) | 37,801 (35.9%) | 11,950 (39.9%) | 2,331 (31.6%) | 13,726 (27.6%) |
| ≥7 | 103,349 (42.4%) | 28,583 (55.6%) | 51,711 (49.1%) | 9,942 (33.2%) | 4,073 (55.2%) | 9,040 (18.2%) |
| ICU LOS (days) | ||||||
| 0 | 173,805 (71.3%) | 27,085 (52.7%) | 72,830 (69.2%) | 22,404 (74.8%) | 6,101 (82.6%) | 45,385 (91.3%) |
| 1–2 | 27,461 (11.3%) | 8,119 (15.8%) | 13,445 (12.8%) | 3,566 (11.9%) | 593 (8.0%) | 1,738 (3.5%) |
| 3–6 | 32,037 (13.1%) | 11,961 (23.3%) | 14,359 (13.6%) | 3,132 (10.5%) | 544 (7.4%) | 2,041 (4.1%) |
| ≥7 | 10,476 (4.3%) | 4,243 (8.3%) | 4,674 (4.4%) | 858 (2.9%) | 146 (2.0%) | 555 (1.1%) |
| Home setup | ||||||
| First floor setup | 133,124 (54.6%) | 28,922 (56.3%) | 57,210 (54.3%) | 16,083 (53.7%) | 4,077 (55.2%) | 26,832 (54.0%) |
| Split level | 10,175 (4.2%) | 2,085 (4.1%) | 4,155 (3.9%) | 1,271 (4.2%) | 406 (5.5%) | 2,258 (4.5%) |
| Multi-level | 45,673 (18.7%) | 9,005 (17.5%) | 17,311 (16.4%) | 6,827 (22.8%) | 1,454 (19.7%) | 11,076 (22.3%) |
| Not documented | 54,807 (22.5%) | 11,396 (22.2%) | 26,632 (25.3%) | 5,779 (19.3%) | 1,447 (19.6%) | 9,553 (19.2%) |
| Stairs to enter home | ||||||
| No | 71,486 (29.3%) | 15,626 (30.4%) | 34,463 (32.7%) | 7,715 (25.8%) | 2,040 (27.6%) | 11,642 (23.4%) |
| Yes | 151,321 (62.1%) | 31,654 (61.6%) | 59,836 (56.8%) | 19,784 (66.0%) | 4,745 (64.3%) | 35,302 (71.0%) |
| Not documented | 20,972 (8.6%) | 4,128 (8.0%) | 11,009 (10.5%) | 2,461 (8.2%) | 599 (8.1%) | 2,775 (5.6%) |
| Pre-hospital level of function | ||||||
| Independent | 125,160 (51.3%) | 26,544 (51.6%) | 42,604 (40.5%) | 17,263 (57.6%) | 3,137 (42.5%) | 35,612 (71.6%) |
| Assist with IADLs | 48,065 (19.7%) | 10,991 (21.4%) | 24,542 (23.3%) | 4,988 (16.6%) | 1,741 (23.6%) | 5,803 (11.7%) |
| Assist with ADLs | 61,790 (25.3%) | 12,062 (23.5%) | 33,952 (32.2%) | 6,617 (22.1%) | 2,164 (29.3%) | 6,995 (14.1%) |
| Not documented | 8,764 (3.6%) | 1,811 (3.5%) | 4,210 (4.0%) | 1,092 (3.6%) | 342 (4.6%) | 1,309 (2.6%) |
| Assistance available | ||||||
| 24 hours | 112,120 (46.0%) | 22,853 (44.5%) | 46,768 (44.4%) | 14,324 (47.8%) | 3,645 (49.4%) | 24,530 (49.3%) |
| Occasionally | 121,801 (50.0%) | 26,665 (51.9%) | 54,040 (51.3%) | 14,544 (48.5%) | 3,507 (47.5%) | 23,045 (46.4%) |
| Never | 8,095 (3.3%) | 1,582 (3.1%) | 3,597 (3.4%) | 886 (3.0%) | 189 (2.6%) | 1,841 (3.7%) |
| Not documented | 1,763 (0.7%) | 308 (0.6%) | 903 (0.9%) | 206 (0.7%) | 43 (0.6%) | 303 (0.6%) |
| Functional status at PT evaluation | ||||||
| Very Low | 28,014 (11.5%) | 4,412 (8.6%) | 13,730 (13.0%) | 3,848 (12.8%) | 639 (8.7%) | 5,385 (10.8%) |
| Low | 46,295 (19.0%) | 9,076 (17.7%) | 20,238 (19.2%) | 5,494 (18.3%) | 1,230 (16.7%) | 10,257 (20.6%) |
| Moderate | 67,017 (27.5%) | 13,520 (26.3%) | 26,328 (25.0%) | 7,771 (25.9%) | 1,787 (24.2%) | 17,611 (35.4%) |
| High | 47,494 (19.5%) | 10,765 (20.9%) | 20,615 (19.6%) | 5,222 (17.4%) | 1,582 (21.4%) | 9,310 (18.7%) |
| Very High | 54,959 (22.5%) | 13,635 (26.5%) | 24,397 (23.2%) | 7,625 (25.5%) | 2,146 (29.1%) | 7,156 (14.4%) |
| Duration (hours) from admission to PT evaluation | ||||||
| <24 hours | 64,299 (26.4%) | 9,204 (17.9%) | 22,470 (21.3%) | 7,315 (24.4%) | 1,553 (21.0%) | 23,757 (47.8%) |
| 24–48 hours | 71,574 (29.4%) | 12,244 (23.8%) | 28,226 (26.8%) | 12,279 (41.0%) | 1,901 (25.7%) | 16,924 (34.0%) |
| 48–96 hours | 61,497 (25.2%) | 14,404 (28.0%) | 31,901 (30.3%) | 7,199 (24.0%) | 2,127 (28.8%) | 5,866 (11.8%) |
| >96 hours | 46,409 (19.0%) | 15,556 (30.3%) | 22,711 (21.6%) | 3,167 (10.6%) | 1,803 (24.4%) | 3,172 (6.4%) |
| Number of OT visits | ||||||
| 0 | 58,875 (24.2%) | 17,566 (34.2%) | 28,662 (27.2%) | 4,817 (16.1%) | 2,056 (27.8%) | 5,814 (11.7%) |
| 1 | 126,405 (51.9%) | 22,840 (44.4%) | 54,548 (51.8%) | 15,236 (50.9%) | 3,609 (48.9%) | 30,172 (60.7%) |
| 2–3 | 48,063 (19.7%) | 8,347 (16.2%) | 18,319 (17.4%) | 7,714 (25.8%) | 1,397 (18.9%) | 12,286 (24.7%) |
| ≥4 | 10,435 (4.3%) | 2,654 (5.2%) | 3,819 (3.6%) | 2,193 (7.3%) | 322 (4.4%) | 1,447 (2.9%) |
HMO, health maintenance organization; LOS, length of stay; IADLs, instrumental activities of daily living; ADLs, activities of daily living; OT, occupational therapist