Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort.
| Variables | Entire cohort, n (%) | Mild MIS-C, n (%) | Severe MIS-C, n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall frequencies | 152 (100) | 87 (57) | 65 (43) | n/a |
| Age | ||||
| <6 years | 45 (30) | 35 (40) | 10 (15) | <0.001 |
| 6–12 years | 64 (42) | 34 (39) | 30 (46) | 0.239 |
| >12 years | 43 (28) | 18 (21) | 25 (38) | 0.013 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 64 (42) | 37 (43) | 27 (42) | 0.518 |
| Male | 88 (58) | 50 (57) | 38 (58) | 0.518 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 85 (56) | 51 (59) | 34 (52) | 0.271 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 31 (20) | 13 (15) | 18 (28) | 0.043 |
| Non-Hispanic white | 25 (16) | 16 (18) | 9 (14) | 0.301 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 6 (4) | 3 (3) | 3 (5) | 0.514 |
| Non-Hispanic other | 5 (3) | 4 (5) | 1 (2) | 0.287 |
| BMI | ||||
| Underweight (BMI < 5th) | 10 (7) | 7 (8) | 3 (5) | 0.309 |
| Healthy weight (5th ≤ BMI < 85th) | 73 (48) | 50 (57) | 23 (35) | 0.006 |
| Overweight (85th ≤ BMI) | 69 (45) | 30 (34) | 39 (60) | 0.001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF < 55% | 54 (36) | 18 (21) | 36 (55) | <0.001 |
| Coronary dilation | 40 (26) | 24 (28) | 16 (25) | 0.413 |
| Medications | ||||
| Immunomodulators (IVIG or Anakinra) | 123 (81) | 60 (69) | 63 (97) | <0.001 |
| Steroids | 146 (96) | 81 (93) | 65 (100) | 0.033 |
| Steroids alone | 28 (18) | 26 (30) | 2 (3) | <0.001 |
| Steroids + IVIG, but not Anakinra | 31 (20) | 29 (33) | 2 (3) | <0.001 |
| Steroids + Anakinra, but not IVIG | 50 (33) | 12 (14) | 38 (58) | <0.001 |
| Steroids + IVIG + Anakinra | 37 (24) | 14 (16) | 23 (35) | 0.005 |
| Volume expansion | 140 (92) | 80 (92) | 60 (92) | 0.593 |
| Calcium chloride bolus | 28 (18) | 2 (2) | 26 (40) | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulant | 99 (65) | 40 (46) | 59 (91) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet | 93 (61) | 52 (60) | 41 (63) | 0.404 |
| Therapy initiation | ||||
| Immunomodulator initiation within 24 h | 92 (61) | 37 (43) | 55 (85) | <0.001 |
| Immunomodulator initiation within 48 h | 110 (72) | 51 (59) | 59 (91) | <0.001 |
| Steroid initiation within 24 h | 116 (76) | 59 (68) | 57 (88) | 0.003 |
| Steroid initiation within 48 h | 137 (90) | 75 (86) | 62 (95) | 0.051 |
| Hospitalization | ||||
| Prolonged hospital stay (>7 days) | 73 (48) | 22 (25) | 51 (78) | <0.001 |
| Prolonged ICU stay (>4 days) | 52 (34) | 10 (11) | 42 (65) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (BMI) was categorized using age- and sex-adjusted growth percentile curves published by the CDC. The p values were computed using Fisher’s method to test differences in frequencies between mild MIS-C and severe MIS-C groups for each row.
LVEF left-ventricular ejection fraction.