Table 3.
Comparison of minor and major complication rates in LV EMB and RV EMB according to different studies and centres
| Study (state, years) | Procedural complications | LV EMB | RV EMB |
|---|---|---|---|
| Göbel et al. [20] (Germany, 2013–2018) | n = 461 | n = 53 | |
| Bradiarrhythmias | |||
| Permanent AV block | 1 (0,2%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Transient AV block | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Tachyarrhythmias | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Non-sustained VT | 2 (0,4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Ventricular fibrillation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Vascular complications | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pneumotorax | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Infections | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Pericardial complications/perforations | |||
| Pericardial effusion* | 46 (10%) | 4 (8,5%) | |
| Cardiac tamponade | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Stroke/TIA | 3 (0,6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Death | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Chimenti and Frustaci [17] (USA, 1983–2010) | n = 3549 | n = 3068 | |
| Bradiarrhythmias | |||
| Permanent AV block | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Transient AV block | 0 (0%) | 2 (0,06%) | |
| Tachyarrhythmias | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Non-sustained VT | 6 (0,16%) | 4 (0,13%) | |
| Ventricular fibrillation | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Vascular complications | 17 (0,48%) | 6 (0,19%) | |
| Pneumotorax | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Infections | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Pericardial complications/perforations | |||
| Pericardial effusion | 1 (0,03%) | 5 (0,16%) | |
| Cardiac tamponade | 3 (0,08%) | 9 (0,29%) | |
| Stroke/TIA | 8 (0,22%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Death | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Yilmaz et al. [16] (USA, 2006–2008) | n = 622 | n = 490 | |
| Bradiarrhythmias | |||
| Permanent AV block | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Transient AV block | 0 (0%) | 1 (0,2%) | |
| Tachyarrhythmias | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Non-sustained VT | 3 (0,5%) | 3 (0,6%) | |
| Ventricular fibrillation | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Vascular complications | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Pneumotorax | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Infections | Not reported | Not reported | |
| Pericardial complications/perforations* | |||
| Pericardial effusion | 14 (2,3%) | 14 (2,9%) | |
| Cardiac tamponade | 2 (0,3%) | 4 (0,8%) | |
| Stroke/TIA | 2 (0,3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Death | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
AV atrioventricular, EMB endomyocardial biopsy, LV left ventricular, RV right ventricular, TIA transient ischemic attack, VT ventricular tachycardia. *Pericardial effusion was a transient phenomenon and no perforation was documented