Table I.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes and clinical findings in control and subchorionic hematoma (SCH) groups
| Parameter | Control (n = 350) | SCH-I (n = 47) | SCH-II (n = 110) | SCH-III (n = 21) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years], mean ± SD (min./max.) | 27.51 ±5.08 (18/39) | 27.04 ±5.31 (18/39) | 26.10 ±4.88 (18/39) | 27.62 ±5.13 (18/39) | 0.0941 |
| Hematoma localization, n (%): | |||||
| Anterior | – | 20 (42.6) | 53 (48.1) | 10 (47.7) | 0.8262 |
| Fundus | – | 8 (17.0) | 17 (15.5) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Posterior | – | 10 (21.3) | 15 (13.7) | 5 (23.8) | |
| Cervical | – | 9 (19.1) | 25 (22.7) | 3 (14.2) | |
| Prior medications, n (%): | |||||
| Progesterone | 32 (9.1) | 7 (14.9) | 14 (12.7) | 3 (14.2) | 0.6562 |
| LMWH | 16(4.6) | 2 (4.2) | 7 (6.4) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Aspirin | 6 (1.7) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (4.8) | |
| None | 296 (84.6) | 37 (78.8) | 87 (79.1) | 16 (76.2) | |
| Gestational week at diagnosis, median (min./max.) | – | 8.9 (6.1/13.9) | 8.3 (6.6/13.3) | 8 (6.7/11.3) | 0.0943 |
| Gestational week at delivery, median (min./max.) | 38.86 (7.14/42.00)BC | 38.29 (8.43/40.71) | 37.93 (7.86/40.43) | 27.86 (7.86/37.57)AB | < 0.0013 |
| Gestational week at delivery, n (%): | |||||
| < 37 | 45 (12.9) | 8 (17.0) | 24 (21.8)A | 18 (85.7)ABC | < 0.0012 |
| > 37 | 305 (87.1)CD | 39 (83.0)D | 86 (78.2)D | 3 (14.3) | |
| Parity: | |||||
| Primipara | 171 (48.9) | 25 (53.2) | 59 (53.6) | 12 (57.1) | 0.2714 |
| Multipara | 179 (51.1) | 22 (46.8) | 51 (46.4) | 9 (42.9) | |
| 1st trimester vaginal bleeding: | |||||
| Absent | 329 (94.0)BCD | 37 (78.7)D | 70 (63.6)D | 5 (23.8) | < 0.0012 |
| Present | 21 (6.0) | 10 (21.3)A | 40 (36.4)A | 16 (76.2)ABC | |
| Cigarette smoking: | |||||
| Absent | 324 (92.6) | 44 (93.6) | 100 (90.9) | 19 (90.5) | 0.9172 |
| Present | 26 (7.4) | 3 (6.4) | 10 (9.1) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Route of delivery: | |||||
| CS | 68 (19.4) | 13 (27.7) | 25 (22.7) | 9 (42.9) | 0.0652 |
| Spontaneous | 282 (80.6) | 34 (72.3) | 85 (77.3) | 12 (57.1) | |
| Early pregnancy loss: | |||||
| Absent | 338 (96.6)CD | 43 (91.5)D | 96 (87.3)D | 12 (57.1) | < 0.0012 |
| Present | 12 (3.4) | 4 (8.5) | 14 (12.7)A | 9 (42.9)ABC | |
| IUGR: | |||||
| Absent | 339 (96.9)D | 46 (97.9)D | 104 (94.5)D | 16 (76.2) | 0.0032 |
| Present | 11 (3.1) | 1 (2.1) | 6 (5.5) | 5 (23.8)ABC | |
| Abruptio placenta: | |||||
| Absent | 347 (99.1)CD | 46 (97.9) | 105 (95.5) | 18 (85.7) | 0.0022 |
| Present | 3 (0.9) | 1 (2.1) | 5 (4.5)A | 3 (14.3)A | |
| Preterm delivery: | |||||
| Absent | 318 (90.9)D | 43 (91.5)D | 99 (90.0)D | 12 (57.1) | < 0.0012 |
| Present | 32 (9.1) | 4 (8.5) | 11 (10.0) | 9 (42.9)ABC | |
| Pre-eclampsia: | |||||
| Absent | 324 (92.6) | 43 (91.5) | 101 (91.8) | 19 (90.5) | 0.8922 |
| Present | 26 (7.4) | 4 (8.5) | 9 (8.2) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Gestational diabetes: | |||||
| Absent | 333 (95.1) | 45 (95.7) | 106 (96.4) | 20 (95.2) | 0.9582 |
| Present | 17 (4.9) | 2 (4.3) | 4 (3.6) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Intrauterine death: | |||||
| Absent | 348 (99.4) | 47 (100.0) | 109 (99.1) | 20 (95.2) | 0.2082 |
| Present | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (4.8) |
1
One-way ANOVA test (Robust test: Brown-Forsythe)
2
Kruskal-Wallis H test (Monte Carlo). Post-hoc test: Dunn’s test
3
Fisher Freeman Halton test (Monte Carlo)
4
Linear-by-linear association (Monte Carlo), SD – standard deviation
A
significant compared to control group
B
significant compared to hematoma I group
C
significant compared to hematoma II group
D
significant compared to hematoma III group.
CS – cesarean section, IUGR – intrauterine growth restriction.