Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of the sample overall and by development and confirmatory samples (N=508).
| Characteristic | Overall | Development sample (n=254) | Confirmatory sample (n=254) | ||||
| Participant age (years), mean (SD) | 34.7 (7.7) | 34.3 (7.9) | 35.0 (7.6) | ||||
| Gender, female,a n (%) | 454 (89.4) | 223 (87.8) | 231 (90.9) | ||||
| Race and ethnicity,b n (%) | |||||||
|
|
White | 95 (18.7) | 46 (18.1) | 49 (19.3) | |||
|
|
Black | 129 (25.4) | 64 (25.2) | 65 (25.6) | |||
|
|
Hispanic | 173 (34.1) | 88 (34.6) | 85 (33.5) | |||
|
|
Asian | 13 (2.6) | 5 (2) | 8 (3.1) | |||
|
|
Middle Eastern | 78 (15.4) | 39 (15.4) | 39 (15.4) | |||
|
|
Multiple | 13 (2.6) | 7 (2.8) | 6 (2.4) | |||
|
|
Prefer not to answer | 7 (1.4) | 5 (2) | 2 (0.8) | |||
| Preferred language, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
English | 280 (55.1) | 139 (54.7) | 141 (55.5) | |||
|
|
Spanish | 157 (30.9) | 79 (31.1) | 78 (30.7) | |||
|
|
Arabic | 71 (14) | 36 (14.2) | 35 (13.8) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
Less than a high school graduate or GEDc | 97 (19.1) | 51 (20.2) | 46 (18.1) | |||
|
|
High school graduate or GED | 131 (25.8) | 67 (26.4) | 64 (25.2) | |||
|
|
Some college or technical or vocational school | 125 (24.6) | 62 (24.4) | 63 (24.8) | |||
|
|
College degree (associate’s or bachelor’s) | 105 (20.7) | 47 (18.5) | 58 (22.8) | |||
|
|
Postgraduate or professional degree | 49 (9.6) | 26 (10.2) | 23 (9.1) | |||
|
|
Missing | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| Annual household income (US $), n (%) | |||||||
|
|
<10,000 | 56 (11) | 33 (13) | 23 (9.1) | |||
|
|
10,000-19,999 | 45 (8.9) | 26 (10.2) | 19 (7.5) | |||
|
|
20,000-34,999 | 129 (25.4) | 63 (24.8) | 66 (26) | |||
|
|
35,000-49,999 | 75 (14.8) | 36 (14.2) | 39 (15.4) | |||
|
|
≥50,000 | 93 (18.3) | 43 (16.9) | 50 (19.7) | |||
|
|
Don’t know or not sure | 110 (21.7) | 53 (20.9) | 57 (22.4) | |||
| Child’s or children’s insurance, n (%) | |||||||
|
|
None | 7 (1.4) | 3 (1.2) | 4 (1.6) | |||
|
|
Medicaid | 351 (69.1) | 184 (72.4) | 167 (65.7) | |||
|
|
Private insurance | 75 (14.8) | 33 (13) | 42 (16.5) | |||
|
|
Other type of insurance | 74 (14.6) | 34 (13.4) | 40 (15.7) | |||
|
|
Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | |||
| Digital Health Care Literacy Scale reduced score, mean (SD) | 8.6 (3.1) | 8.7 (3.0) | 8.5 (3.3) | ||||
aGender was assessed with the following response options: male, female, and other. No participant identified as other.
bSeparate databases were used for English-, Spanish-, and Arabic-speaking participants, and the data were combined for analysis. Race and ethnicity were collected with a single item; the response options included White, Black, Asian, Middle Eastern, Hispanic, Native American, Native Hawaiian, other race or ethnicity, and prefer not to answer. In the English and Arabic database, participants could select all options that applied. Participants were coded as multiple if they selected more than one race and/or ethnicity, except for Middle Eastern+White, which was coded as Middle Eastern. Because of incorrect configuration, the race and ethnicity item was not enabled as a check-all item in the Spanish-speaking database (ie, these participants could only check 1 race or ethnicity). Of the 151 participants who completed the Spanish survey, 144 (95.4%) selected Hispanic, 6 (4%) selected White, and 1 (0.6%) selected Black.
cGED: General Educational Development.